On Some Phases of Parasitism Displayed by Insect Enemies of Weevils1

Pierce, Dwight W.

doi:10.1093/jee/3.6.451

Journal of Economic Entomology

1910

DOI: 10.1093/jee/3.6.451

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On Some Phases of Parasitism Displayed by Insect Enemies of Weevils1

Dwight W. Pierce

Abstract: Unknown super. CatolacC'lLs hunteri-1 example. B"acon mellitor super. unknown-19. Calolaccus sp. super. Bracon mellitor-19. Catolaccus hunteri super. unknown-1 9. Calolaceus hunteri super. Bracon mellitor-19. CatolaCC'US incertus super. Bracon mellitor-2 9. Cerambyeolnus C'UShmanisuper. Braeon mellitor-8 0' (7), 99. Cerambycobius cyanieeps super. unknown-1 0'. Cerambycolnus cyanieeps super. Bracon mellitor-23 <3' (6), 28 9. Cerambyeolnus cyanieeps super. CatolaeC'lLs hunteri-2 <3' , 29. •Cerambycobius eyanicep… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications

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“…Under the first scenario, favored by early studies on parasitoids (Fiske 1910;Pierce 1910;Smith 1916), superparasitism would be due to the inability of the females to discriminate between parasitized and unparasitized hosts. Superparasitism would thus simply be an error on the part of the ovipositing female.…”

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confidence: 99%

Superparasitism Evolution: Adaptation or Manipulation?

Gandon¹,

Rivero²,

Varaldi³

2006

The American Naturalist

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Superparasitism refers to the oviposition behavior of parasitoid females who lay their eggs in an already parasitized host. This often yields intense competition among larvae that are sharing the same host. Why would a female oviposit in such hostile habitat instead of looking for a better quality, unparasitized host? Here we present a continuous-time model of host-parasitoid interaction and discuss alternative scenarios. This model is first used to analyze the evolution of the superparasitism behavior of a solitary proovigenic parasitoid under both time and egg limitation. Then, following the recent discovery by Varaldi et al., we allow the parasitoid to be infected by a virus that alters the superparasitism behavior of its host to enhance its own horizontal transmission. The analysis of the coevolution of this manipulative behavior with the oviposition behavior of uninfected females clarifies and quantifies the conflict that emerges between the parasitoid and its virus. The model also yields new testable predictions. For example, we expect that uninfected parasitoids should superparasite less after coevolving with the manipulative virus. More generally, this model provides a theoretical framework for analyzing the evolution of the manipulation of parasitoid life-history traits by microparasites.

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confidence: 99%

Superparasitism Evolution: Adaptation or Manipulation?

Gandon¹,

Rivero²,

Varaldi³

2006

The American Naturalist

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Ovipositional behavior ofbracon mellitor say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of boll weevil (anthonomus grandis Boh.)

1976

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A study of the interactions between the internal larval parasites ofRhyacionia buoliana [Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae]

Schroder

1974

Entomophaga

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The interactions of 6 species of internal parasites of Rhyacionia buoliana Scairr.in a locality in northern Germany are discussed. The occurrence of super and multiparasitism is analyzed in relation to varying host densities and different rates of total parasitism. Multiparasitisra between Orgilus obscurator NEES and 3 other species, Temelucha interruptor GaAv., Pristomerus sp. near orbilatis HOLMGa. and Sinophorus rufi/emur T~OMS. did not occur at random, the latter 3 species exhibiting eleptoparasitic habits. Interspeciflc competition occurred in the form of direct physical attack between the first instar larvae. The coexistence of the internal larval parasites of ft. buoliana provides a good example of a system of " counter-balanced competition ". 0. obscurator, although inferior at the level of intrinsic competition, was the dominant species at the level of extrinsic competitlon.Informatior~ on the parasite complexes of phytophagous hosts has often been based on the results obtained from parasite emergence from rearings of smaller or larger numbers of hosts. The importance of each parasite species in the parasite complex was thus expressed by its relative abundance at the time of emergence. The existence of interspecific competition between the parasite larvae inside the host was either unknown, or was not believed to be of much importance to the relative abundance of a parasite species at the time of emergence. Intensive studies of parasite complexes in connection with biological control programmes have, however, shown that interspecific competition can be extremely important and that these interrelations can only be elucidated by dissections of the attacked host stages. In the case of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana SCHIFF., Temelucha interruptor GaAv., Tetrastichus turion,,~m HTG. and Pimpla turionellae L., were thought to be the most abundant parasites of this host on the basis of parasite adult emergence. Dissections of host larvae have, however, shown that the Braconid Orgilus obscurator NEES is the most abundant parasite of R. buoliana, but a large proportion of its starting population is eliminated in direct competition

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On Some Phases of Parasitism Displayed by Insect Enemies of Weevils1

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Superparasitism Evolution: Adaptation or Manipulation?

Superparasitism Evolution: Adaptation or Manipulation?

Ovipositional behavior ofbracon mellitor say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of boll weevil (anthonomus grandis Boh.)

A study of the interactions between the internal larval parasites ofRhyacionia buoliana [Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae]

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