On-Road Emission Characteristics of Carbonyl Compounds for Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks

Abstract

To study the emission characteristics of carbonyl compounds for in-use diesel vehicles on real roads, nine in-use heavyduty diesel trucks (HDDTs) representing different emission standards from China 0 to China 3 were tested on roads in Xiamen using an on-board carbonyl compound sampling system with a 2,4-DNPH cartridge. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the carbonyl compound emission factors. In total, 10 carbonyl compounds were detected for all the tested vehicles in this work. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propanal were the three largest contributors of carbonyl emissions, accounting for 47.9%, 21.0% and 9.9% of the total carbonyls, respectively. The emission standards had a significant effect on the emission factors and profiles of the carbonyl compounds from the test vehicles. The total emissions of carbonyls from the test vehicles with China 0, China 1, China 2 and China 3 emission standards were 318.4, 232.8, 108.1 and 88.8 mg/km, respectively. The relative contribution of formaldehyde to the total carbonyl emissions increased with increasing stringency of the emission standards. Driving patterns also affected the vehicular carbonyl emissions. The total carbonyl emissions under highway driving cycles were lower than those under non-highway driving cycles. In addition, the ozone-formation potential of the carbonyls from the tested diesel vehicles was analyzed. This work represents a preliminary step in measuring carbonyl emission characteristics using portable emission measurement systems (PEMS). More attention should be paid to carbonyl emissions from HDDTs.

The Construction and Application of a Multipoint Sampling System for Vehicle Exhaust Plumes

“…The SEMTECH-DS is an important part of the PEMS, as explained in detail in our previous studies (Yao et al, 2011;Shen et al, 2014;Yao et al, 2015). The SEMTECH-DS can test the speed, latitude, longitude, elevation, air temperature, air humidity, exhaust temperature, and concentrations of CO, CO 2 , HC, and NO x in the exhaust.…”

Impact of Magnetic Tube on Pollutant Emissions from the Diesel Engine

“…Several techniques to reduce diesel engine emissions have been put forward including improving the mechanical design of the engine, but the diesel engine has been developed over century and the technology has matured. Other techniques include altering the characteristics of the diesel fuels by lowering the lower sulfur content to decrease SO x and adding additives such as alcohols, water containing acetone and dimethyl ethers Tsai et al, 2015a, b;Yao et al, 2015). Alternative fuels such as biodiesel and biodiesel-diesel blends have as also been considered (Chang et al, 2014a, b;Popovicheva et al, 2013;Mwangi et al, 2015b, c).…”

“…They have been used commonly in buses, heavy-duty trucks and generators. However, the emissions of particulate matter (PM) (Yao et al, 2015), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), sulfur dioxide (SO x ), unregulated pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Cheruiyot et al, 2015), carbonyls (Yao et al, 2015) and halogenated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from diesel engines are a major concern (Mwangi et al, 2015a;Cheruiyot et al, 2016), since they are are toxic to the human health (Popovicheva et al, 2013). Several techniques to reduce diesel engine emissions have been put forward including improving the mechanical design of the engine, but the diesel engine has been developed over century and the technology has matured.…”

Real-World Emission from In-Use Construction Equipment in China

“…Using PEMS to study real-world emission is thought to be a reliable, accurate and low-cost method (Kousoulidou et al, 2013). It has been frequently used in on-road vehicle emission studies (Huang et al, 2013;May et al, 2014;Vlachos et al, 2014;Yao et al, 2015) and has also been introduced to testing the emission of construction equipment. Frey et al (2008) tested several vehicles fueled with petroleum diesel and biodiesel, and proposed operating mode based method; Frey et al (2010) reported an on-board study of 39 pieces of construction equipment; Adolhasani et al (2012) provided a case study for 3 excavators; Fu et al (2012) firstly provided the onboard emission test result for non-road machinery in China.…”