On-road and laboratory investigations on non-exhaust ultrafine particles from the interaction between the tire and road pavement under braking conditions

Kwak, Juhyoun; Lee, Sunyoup; Lee, Seok-Hwan

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.014

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These bubble particles rapidly evaporated under high vacuum and strong electron beam intensity in the TEM, indicating that they may consist of volatile materials (e.g., volatile organic carbon, nitrate, or sulfate). This finding is consistent with previous studies conducted by Kwak et al (2014) and Smith et al (2012), who reported that sulfur-containing particles were electron beam sensitive and damaged easily, resulting in a rapid change of morphology and the appearance of moving pores within a particle. In the EDS analysis, the particle mainly consisted of C, O, S, Si, and Cu.…”

Section: Morphological and Compositional Characteristics Of Tire Nanosupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, in a study carried out by Gustafsson et al (2008), they found that ultrafine particles with sizes of 30-50 nm only occurred during tests with studded tires, and the major contributor of ultrafine particles is pavement wear rather than tire wear. Kwak et al (2013Kwak et al ( , 2014 also observed the generation of not only coarse and fine particles, but also ultrafine particles of the tire under various driving conditions, including constant speed, cornering, and harsh braking. They reported that the frictional heat due to the interaction between the tire and road pavement under harsh braking conditions could evaporate the organic compounds of tire, and consequently, ultrafine particles could be formed via gas to particles conversion, i.e., a nucleation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The morphological characteristics of the non-exhaust ultrafine particles have been reported in a various studies. Dahl et al (2006) and Kwak et al (2014) sampled roadway particles under various driving conditions and classified the particle types with respect to morphological and compositional features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory study of the generation of nanoparticles from tire tread

Park

Lee

2016

Aerosol Science and Technology

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An experimental study was carried out to investigate the formation process of airborne nanoparticles from tire tread. The formation of nanoparticles by volatilization of the tire tread was simulated in a reaction chamber. The number concentration of nanoparticles in the reaction chamber suddenly increased when the tire tread surface temperature reached above 160 C. The generated nanoparticles have a unimodal distribution and the number of nanoparticles increased as the heating rate increased. The geometric mean diameter and size distribution of the generated particles can be controlled by adjusting the cooling rate since the cooling rate is directly related to the growth of particles. From the morphological and elemental analyses, the main components of the tire nanoparticles were C, O, S, and Si and the particles had an irregular shape. Based on these observations, we concluded that the formation mechanism of nanoparticles from the tire tread was volatilization and condensation of the organic materials in the tire tread.

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Section: Morphological and Compositional Characteristics Of Tire Nanosupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Laboratory study of the generation of nanoparticles from tire tread

Park

Lee

2016

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…In recent years, the focus of scientific research has shifted away from the emission directly related to the internal combustion. Instead, the so called non-exhaust-emissions have gained increasing attention [2][3][4][5][6]. This shift of focus is sensible because with increasing electrification of traffic, these emissions will remain relevant [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tire Wear Particle Hot Spots – Review of Influencing Factors

Pohrt¹

2019

FU Mech Eng

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Automotive tires have played an important role in land-based transportation and will probably continue to do so for many years to come. During their service lifetime, parts of the outer protector layer are worn off and discarded into the environment. A typical passenger car emits about 120 micrograms of rubber per meter but the exact current value depends on a multitude of influencing factors and varies greatly. We review available data on the wear rate (or inverse expected lifetime) of automotive rubber tires and extract qualitative estimations on how the most important parameters alter the deposition rate on a given road section. Local hot spots of increased tire wear particle occurrence can be identified from these parameters. It is concluded that generally subjecting tires to milder usage conditions can reduce tire wear by substantial amounts. Reducing vehicle speeds is identified as the most effective general measure.

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“…Highest amount of particles was emitted during the event of braking with significant amount of tire wear particles in this fraction. However, in their study only Zn was directly connected with tire wear [25].…”

Section: Pollution Caused By Rubber Tiresmentioning

confidence: 99%