On Relay Selection Approaches in Bluetooth Mesh Networks

Hansen, Emil Alexander Juul; Nielsen, Martin Hedegaard; Serup, Daniel E.; Williams, Robin Jess; Madsen, Tatiana Kozlova; Abildgren, Rasmus

doi:10.1109/icumt.2018.8631214

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the effects of the different parameters and network design choices involved are not extensively addressed. The drawbacks of using a flooding model were addressed and diverse approaches to select the devices in the network to take on the relay role were proposed in [13]. More recently, a model of the current consumption, lifetime and energy cost per delivered bit was presented in [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Performance of Bluetooth Mesh: Reliability, Delay, and Scalability Analysis

Rondón

Mahmood

Grimaldi

et al. 2020

IEEE Internet Things J.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article evaluates the quality-of-service performance and scalability of the recently released Bluetooth Mesh protocol and provides general guidelines on its use and configuration. Through extensive simulations, we analyzed the impact of the configuration of all the different protocol's parameters on the end-to-end reliability, delay, and scalability. In particular, we focused on the structure of the packet broadcast process, which takes place in time intervals known as Advertising Events and Scanning Events. Results indicate a high degree of interdependence among all the different timing parameters involved in both the scanning and the advertising processes and show that the correct operation of the protocol greatly depends on the compatibility between their configurations. We also demonstrated that introducing randomization in these timing parameters, as well as varying the duration of the Advertising Events, reduces the drawbacks of the flooding propagation mechanism implemented by the protocol. Using data collected from a real office environment, we also studied the behavior of the protocol in the presence of WLAN interference. It was shown that Bluetooth Mesh is vulnerable to external interference, even when implementing the standardized limitation of using only 3 out of the 40 Bluetooth Low Energy frequency channels. We observed that the achievable average delay is relatively low, of around 250 ms for over 10 hops under the worst simulated network conditions. However, results proved that scalability is especially challenging for Bluetooth Mesh since it is prone to broadcast storm, hindering the communication reliability for denser deployments.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Performance of Bluetooth Mesh: Reliability, Delay, and Scalability Analysis

Rondón

Mahmood

Grimaldi

et al. 2020

IEEE Internet Things J.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Each node repeats incoming new messages so that they are relayed further in the network. For a large enough network, a new message may propagate through many routes and cause a broadcast storm, a network condition that represents an increase in collision probability, network congestion, and packet loss rate [ 32 , 41 ]. In connection-oriented BLE mesh, the number of minions connected to a master is limited due to the need for the master node to reset its radio frequency per each minion.…”

Section: Current Ble Mesh Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCO-Based BLE Mesh Accelerator

Bukreyev

Yüksel²,

et al. 2022

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) mesh networks enable diverse communication for the Internet of Things (IoT). However, existing BLE mesh implementations cannot simultaneously achieve low-power operation, symmetrical communication, and scalability. A major limitation of mesh networks is the inability of the BLE stack to handle network-scalable time synchronization. Pulse-coupled oscillators (PCOs) have been studied extensively and are able to achieve fast and reliable synchronization across a range of applications and network topologies. This paper presents a lightweight physical (PHY) layer accelerator to the BLE stack that enables scalable synchronization command with a PCO. The accelerator is a fully digital solution that can be synthesized with only the standard cells available in any silicon technology. This paper provides a detailed analysis of PCO-based BLE mesh networks and explores per-node system-level requirements. Finally, the analytical results are validated with measurements of a custom radio node based on the ubiquitous AD9364 transceiver.

show abstract

“…In ref. [9], various ways for efficient relay selection in a distributed fashion in a BLE mesh network are illustrated. The authors of ref.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

QoS Enabled Heterogeneous BLE Mesh Networks

Basu

Baert

Hoebeke

2021

JSAN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a widely known short-range wireless technology used for various Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Recently, with the introduction of BLE mesh networks, this short-range barrier of BLE has been overcome. However, the added advantage of an extended range can come at the cost of a lower performance of these networks in terms of latency, throughput and reliability, as the core operation of BLE mesh is based on advertising and packet flooding. Hence, efficient management of the system is required to achieve a good performance of these networks and a smoother functioning in dense scenarios. As the number of configuration points in a standard mesh network is limited, this paper describes a novel set of standard compliant Quality of Service (QoS) extensions for BLE mesh networks. The resulting QoS features enable better traffic management in the mesh network, providing sufficient redundancy to achieve reliability whilst avoiding unnecessary packet flooding to reduce collisions, as well as the prioritization of certain traffic flows and the ability to control end-to-end latencies. The QoS-based system has been implemented and validated in a small-scale BLE mesh network and compared against a setup without any QoS support. The assessment in a small-scale test setup confirms that applying our QoS features can enhance these types of non-scheduled and random access networks in a significant way.

show abstract

On Relay Selection Approaches in Bluetooth Mesh Networks

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Understanding the Performance of Bluetooth Mesh: Reliability, Delay, and Scalability Analysis

Understanding the Performance of Bluetooth Mesh: Reliability, Delay, and Scalability Analysis

PCO-Based BLE Mesh Accelerator

QoS Enabled Heterogeneous BLE Mesh Networks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About