“…Guided by a mathematical model, Jacobs et al carefully examine the inXuence of word-initial capitalized letters in two experiments using a perceptual identiWcation task and the 'variable viewing position' technique: German nouns and non-nouns, which are usually perceived with and, respectively, without initial letter capitalization, were tachistoscopically presented in upper-case, lower-case, or with initial capitalization. The results support the 'orthographic-cue' hypothesis (Peressotti, Cubelli & Job, 2003), suggesting that words are best recognized in the form in which they are most frequently perceived. Taken together, the data indicate that, in the course reading acquisition, abstract as well as case-and item-speciWc orthographic cues are learned and used for word recognition.…”