On Modelling and Simulating Open Pit Mine Through Stochastic Timed Petri Nets

Abstract

A structured and robust methodology of modeling and simulation can be available through modular stochastic timed Petri nets, including experiments that allow designers to simulate the processes involved in ore production on well-founded estimates. This prerogative guides an experimental research based on real data from an Brazilian open pit mine operation. Three basic simple modules allows to achieve complex models for a real mine. The difference between simulated and measured average productivities are small when compared to an analytic model for the bottleneck and a model implemented in discrete event system language SIMAN, which also validates the simple truck dispatch rule proposed in this paper. As results of the experiment, we derived a valid simulation structure for the open-pit mining process using Petri nets. It was obtained a behavioral evaluation of the efficiency of the structure according to variations in the probability distribution function. INDEX TERMS Design techniques, open pit mines, stochastic experiments, stochastic timed petri nets.

Modelling and Simulation Applied to Gluten-Free Craft Beer: Case Study of a Manufacturing Process

“…The nodes of a Petri Net are connected by arcs, labelled with weights (positive integers). Stochastic Timed Petri Nets (STPN), on the other hand, associate a stochastic distribution for firing times (Lisboa et al, 2019). Figure 1 shows an example of an STPN.…”

“…Through a standardized process, it is possible to use process modeling and simulation tools, such as the Petri Net, which according to Lisboa et al (2019) is based on a "mathematical model with graphical representation". Still according to the author, it is a model widely used to solve several problems in different sectors, among them: production, logistics, communication and information processes.…”

Stochastic Predictions of Ore Production in an Underground Limestone Mine Using Different Probability Density Functions: A Comparative Study Using Big Data from ICT System

“…Until recently, several researchers applied stochastic simulation techniques to analyze optimal equipment combinations and design truck dispatch scenarios in both open-pit and underground mines [1,19,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. In these studies, truck cycle time data were statistically analyzed and a probability density function was selected using probability distribution models, such as Gaussian, triangular, Weibull, gamma, lognormal, exponential, Erlang, and uniform distribution models (Table 1).…”

“…The ore production, equipment utilization rate, and equipment downtime corresponding to the truck-shovel combination were analyzed probabilistically [25]. In addition, the ore production was predicted based on the confidence level, using iterative stochastic simulation [30], and the prediction sensitivity was analyzed by alternating the probability distribution models of the truck cycle time data [32]. However, little attention has been paid to analyze and use the probability distribution derived from a large amount of truck cycle time data for stochastic simulations.…”

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“…Among the SED structures, there are Petri nets, which according to Lisboa et al (2019) this methodology is an effective tool when it comes to simulate the process of the activities performed, to quantify the period of execution, to develop the simulation process and to work out the possible risks that may appear in the process, modeling the simulation and optimizing period scenarios, in addition to observing flaws and effects.…”