On modeling telecommuting behavior: option, choice, and frequency

An empirical investigation into the time-use and activity patterns of dual-earner couples with and without young children

“…This is consistent with the finding from several earlier telecommuting studies (see, for example, Singh et al, 2012, Golden, 2008, and Turcotte, 2010) that higher educated individuals hold more negotiating ability in retaining the option to work from home. In addition, respondents with a degree beyond high school participate less in in-home recreation, and those with advanced degrees (Masters or beyond) also participate less in out-of-home recreation and eat-out activities.…”

“…Also, non-citizens have a lower propensity of participation in in-home recreational and out-of-home physical activities compared to foreign born citizens and U.S. born respondents. Differences 22 between the tastes and preferences of immigrants and U.S. born people have been observed in the past in the context of residential location, work arrangement, and vehicle ownership choices (see Khan et al, 2012 andSingh et al, 2012). Similar to the race/ethnicity variables, further research is needed to investigate the reasons for these differences between immigrants and non-immigrants.…”

On the Impacts of Telecommuting over Daily Activity/Travel Behavior: A Comprehensive Investigation through Different Telecommuting Patterns

“…In order to resolve this issue, some researchers suggested using the number of telecommuting days (either per week or per month) as a frequency index rather than ad hoc discrete categories (Popuri & Bhat, 2003;Sener & Bhat, 2011;Singh et al, 2012). Also, researchers did not distinguish between home-based workers (those who do not have or need a conventional office rather than home) and real telecommuters (those who have a fixed office but telecommute regularly).…”

“…Also, researchers did not distinguish between home-based workers (those who do not have or need a conventional office rather than home) and real telecommuters (those who have a fixed office but telecommute regularly). Hence, application of large sample sizes, usually at the national or statewide level (Drucker & Khattak, 2000;Yen, 2000;Popuri & Bhat, 2003;Wernick, 2004;Walls et al, 2006;Zhou, 2008;Sener & Bhat, 2011;Singh et al, 2012), along with providing clear definitions of telecommuters and their subcategories, could be named as major enhancements of models in the research background.…”

“…Early studies mainly focused on either "preference" or actual "choice" (Sullivan et al, 1993;Bernardino et al, 1993;Mokhtarian & Salomon, 1994, 1996a, 1996bMokhtarian et al, 1998;Belanger, 1999;Wells et al, 2001;Grippaldi, 2002), while aspects such as "frequency" or "option" were gradually added to the literature (Mannering & Mokhtarian, 1995;Yen, 2000;Drucker & Khattak, 2000;Peters et al, 2001;Popuri & Bhat, 2003;Wernick, 2004;Walls et al, 2006;Mamdoohi et al, 2006;Zhou, 2008;Vana et al, 2008;Haddad et al, 2009;Tang et al, 2011;Sener & Bhat, 2011;Singh et al, 2012 should be prepared and sent out separately to each company. As it is not plausible to do this at a national level and includes high expenses in terms of both time and money, such surveys usually lead to relatively small sample sizes, which counteract the models' reliability and transferability.…”