On-line trace-level enrichment gas chromatography of triazine herbicides, organophosphorus pesticides, and organosulfur compounds from drinking and surface waters

Picó, Yolanda; Louter, A. J. H.; Vreuls, J. J.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.

doi:10.1039/an9941902025

Cited by 48 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Our previous drying cartridge could only be dry-packed and it was not possible to exchange it [18,19]. We therefore modified the design by using a short stainless-steel column similar to our SPE precolumn, which could be slurry packed in the same way as these precolumns.…”

Section: Design Of the Heatable Drying Cartridgementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The precolumn was mounted between valves V2 and V3. The drying cartridge was mounted between valves V3 (Prospekt) and V4 (Must valve, Spark Holland) instead of in the transfer line as has been reported previously [18,19]. This had several advantages: (i) the drying cartridge could be flushed after the end of the transfer with some more organic solvent to prevent memory effects; (ii) the regeneration of the drying cartridge could be done at a higher gas pressure, which was used to push the solvent out and regenerate (by drying) it faster.…”

Section: Spe Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To demonstrate the potential of the system, chlorophenols, chlorobenzenes and alkylbenzenes were analysed in tap water using SPE -GC with flame ionization detection. More recently, SPE -drying cartridge -GC was combined with NPD and FPD detection and used for the determination of a variety of nitrogen-, phosphorus-, and sulfur-containing pesticides in tap-and surface water [19]. A similar drying cartridge was also used by Valcarcel et al in an on-line LLE -GC system for drying the organic extract prior injection (5-ll fractions) into a GC system [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Use of a Drying Cartridge in On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Hankemeier¹,

Louter²,

Dallüge³

et al. 1998

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

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A drying cartridge was used and optimized for the in‐line elimination of water from the desorption eluent in on‐line solid phase extraction–gas chromatography (SPE–GC). The cartridge is essentially a small stainless‐steel precolumn packed with a drying agent which can be regenerated by simultaneous heating and purging with a moisture‐free gas. The drying cartridge was mounted on an additional valve instead of between the SPE–GC transfer valve and the on‐column injector to enable regeneration of the cartridge during the GC run and, thus, to increase sample throughput. Three drying agents were tested, viz. sodium sulfate, silica, and molecular sieves. Although molecular sieves have the highest capacity, silica was preferred because of practical considerations. Large‐volume injections were performed through the in‐line drying cartridge using a mixture of 23 microcontaminants ranging widely in polarity and volatility. Four solvents were tested. With pentane and hexane, the more polar analytes were retained by the drying cartridge. Ethyl acetate and methyl acetate gave much better (and closely similar) recoveries for all analytes. Because water elimination on the silica cartridge proved to be less critical than with ethyl acetate, this solvent was finally selected. The entire SPE–drying cartridge–GC set‐up was combined with mass spectrometric (MS) detection for the determination of a mixture of micropollutants in real‐life water samples. With 10‐ml tap water samples spiked at the 0.5 μg/l level, for the majority of the test compounds the analyte recoveries generally were 60–106%, and (full‐scan) detection limits typically were 0.01–0.03 μg/l. Some very polar analytes such as, e.g. dimethoate, were (partially) sorbed onto the silica packing of the drying cartridge.

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Section: Design Of the Heatable Drying Cartridgementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Spe Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Use of a Drying Cartridge in On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Hankemeier¹,

Louter²,

Dallüge³

et al. 1998

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The subsequent steps are the removal of interferences (clean-up) and water, and finally the elution of sorbed analytes (Fig. 1) [3,4,6]. Many of the reported methods reduce the remaining water volume on the phase material after the extraction step by actively drying the sorbent [4,5,[7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Occurrence of residual water within disk-based solid-phase extraction and its effect on GC-MS measurement of organic extracts of environmental samples

et al. 2011

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Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is a widespread and powerful sample preparation technique in many analytical areas. Many of the used methods reduce residual water during sample preparation by drying the phase material. Despite the importance of this step, hardly any study deals specifically with the drying process, and if so, only few aspects are mentioned. The present study is the first systematic investigation of the drying process using SPE disks, including the influence of process parameters on the amount of residual water and its consequences for subsequent elution and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The following points were investigated in detail: (1) the change of pressure and volume flow during the drying process, (2) the remaining amount of water at different drying times for different SPE materials, (3) the influence of suspended particulate matter on the drying process and (4) the effects of the residual water on the elution step by using different organic solvents. The study shows that the volume of residual water in the SPE disk is affected by the fixation of the sorbent, the phase material, the amount of sorbent, the pumping settings and the duration of the drying process. Furthermore, systematic investigations demonstrate the influence of residual water on the GC-MS analysis and show analytical interferences only for a few of the investigated analytes. All results suggest that more problems in SPE GC-MS methods are caused by residual water than previously assumed.

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“…Because of its higher capacity for water, sodium sulphate was preferably used. The d~yit~ 8 cartridge option was further evaluated by Pie6 et al [77,78] who used silica, sodium sulphate and copper sulphate as drying agents. All drying agents had rather wide application ranges.…”

Section: Solidphase Extraction-liquid Desorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace level analysis of micropollutants in aqueous samples using gas chromatography with on-line sample enrichment and large volume injection

Mol

Janssen

Cramers

et al. 1995

Journal of Chromatography A

106

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On-line trace-level enrichment gas chromatography of triazine herbicides, organophosphorus pesticides, and organosulfur compounds from drinking and surface waters

Cited by 48 publications

References 14 publications

Use of a Drying Cartridge in On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Use of a Drying Cartridge in On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Occurrence of residual water within disk-based solid-phase extraction and its effect on GC-MS measurement of organic extracts of environmental samples

Trace level analysis of micropollutants in aqueous samples using gas chromatography with on-line sample enrichment and large volume injection

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