On-Line Sensors for Polymerization Reactors

Chien, D. C. H.; Penlidis, Alexander

doi:10.1080/07366579008050904

Cited by 113 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…. ϩ wnxn ϩ b͒ (1) where w i and b, are parameters to be determined. Figure 13 shows typical results obtained with the neural network modeling.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 However, it is important to say that most of them rely on very sophisticated and expensive techniques, such as light scattering and electronic microscopy, and cannot be used for in-line measurements in industrial environments. Therefore, particle size measurements are usually carried out off-line in the lab and, due to the significant time delays that exist between sampling and obtaining the final results, cannot be used for tight control of the polymer process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the list of instruments and techniques available for in-line evaluation of polymer properties is relatively scarce in the polymer industry. According to Chien and Penlidis, 1 in-line instrumentation is the least-developed part of the technology needed to allow the proper control of polymerization processes. This is particularly true when in-line monitoring of particle size distributions in heterogeneous polymerization reactions is considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

In-line evaluation of average particle size in styrene suspension polymerizations using near-infrared spectroscopy

Santos

Lima

Pinto

1998

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The main objective of this article is evaluating the influence of average polystyrene particle size upon the near-infrared (NIR) spectra collected during suspension polymerization experiments and observing whether NIR spectroscopy may be used for in-line monitoring and control of average particle size. It is shown that NIR spectra are sensitive to changes of the average particle size, and that standard empirical models (PLS-partial least squares-and NN-neural networks) may be built to correlate average particle size and light absorbance at certain wavelengths fairly well. Finally, it is shown that these models allow the in-line evaluation of average particle size in styrene suspension polymerizations with NIR spectroscopy.

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“…. ϩ wnxn ϩ b͒ (1) where w i and b, are parameters to be determined. Figure 13 shows typical results obtained with the neural network modeling.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

In-line evaluation of average particle size in styrene suspension polymerizations using near-infrared spectroscopy

Santos

Lima

Pinto

1998

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…In this section the main focus is on the instrumentation available for monitoring emulsion polymerization reactors. Detailed reviews for on-line monitoring techniques for polymerization reactors are available [124][125][126].…”

Section: On-line Monitoring In Emulsion Polymerization Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulsion Polymerization

Cal¹,

Leiza²,

Asua³

et al. 2005

Handbook of Polymer Reaction Engineering

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“…The end-use properties of polymer emulsions depend on polymer structure, which in turn depends on the reaction conditions of polymer synthesis; thus, the control of emulsion processes has received a lot of attention in the last decades. In this context, the development of sensors for on-line monitoring of polymerization reactors to measure monomer and polymer concentrations as well as polymer quality-related variables, has become a challenging area in process engineering (Chien and Penlidis, 1990;Kammona et al, 1996). Analytical spectroscopic techniques based on fiber optics have been developed, allowing sophisticated spectroscopic process measurements to be made in otherwise inaccessible environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring emulsion homopolymerization reactions using FT-Raman spectroscopy

Reis

Uliana

Sayer

et al. 2005

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-The present work describes a methodology for estimation of monomer concentration during homopolymerization reactions by Raman spectroscopy. The estimation is done using linear models based on two different approaches: a univariate approach and a multivariate approach (with principal component regression, PCR, or partial least squares regression, PLS). The linear models are fitted with data from spectra collected from synthetic samples, i.e., samples prepared by dispersing a known concentration of monomer in polymer emulsions. Homopolymerizations of butyl acrylate and of vinyl acetate were monitored by collecting samples from the reactor, and results show that the methodology is efficient for the model fitting and that Raman spectroscopy is a promising technique for on-line monitoring of the emulsion polymerization process.

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On-Line Sensors for Polymerization Reactors

Cited by 113 publications

References 66 publications

In-line evaluation of average particle size in styrene suspension polymerizations using near-infrared spectroscopy

In-line evaluation of average particle size in styrene suspension polymerizations using near-infrared spectroscopy

Emulsion Polymerization

Monitoring emulsion homopolymerization reactions using FT-Raman spectroscopy

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