On-line sample preparation and determination of phenols with a Flow-Analysis method

Kwade, C.; Voigtländer, R.; Cammann, Karl

doi:10.1007/bf00322200

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Because no homogenous reaction is involved in the system, the FI system is greatly simplified. The maximum sampling frequency without overlap of the sampling peaks is 180 h -1 , three times higher than that for FI systems based on 4-AAP and MBTH spectrophotometric detection [3].…”

Section: Optimization Of the Fi Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tolerance limit (species/phenol) Cu(II), Pb(II), Al(III), Mg(II), Ca(II), ≥500 Bi(III) Zn(II), Ni(II), Fe(III), Cr(III), Cd(II), Hg(II) Ag + , Na + , K + , SO 4 2-, CO 3 2-, PO 4 3-, Cl -, NO 3 -Formaldehyde 100 Sodium dodecylsulfonate 1 Aniline 0.1 method was good -the RSD was 2.1% for nine replicate determinations of 1.0×10 -5 mol L -1 phenol.…”

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The official standard method in many countries [1,2,3,4] is based on oxidative coupling of phenols with 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) in alkaline solution to form red antipyrine dyes which are measured at 510 nm. The typical reaction is:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of total phenols in environmental wastewater by flow-injection analysis with a biamperometric detector

Zhao

Song

Zhang

2002

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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A flow injection (FI) method with a biamperometric detector, based on the biamperometry for an irreversible redox couple, is described for the determination of phenols in environmental wastewater. The method relies on coupling of the oxidation of phenols at one platinum-wire electrode with the reduction of MnO4- at another platinum wire electrode to enable biamperometric detection with an applied potential difference of 0 V. The linear dynamic range for the dependence of current on phenol concentration was from 1.0 x 10(-6) to 1.0 x 10(-4) mol L(-1), with a detection limit of 4.0 x 10(-7) mol L(-1) (signal-to-noise ratio, S/N=3). In comparison with the 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) standard method and the 3-methyl-2-benzothiazoline hydrazone (MBTH) method the proposed method can be used to detect many para-substituted phenols that do not react with 4-AAP and MBTH, and response factors are higher for most of the phenols tested. The method, which is simple, economic, and rapid (180 samples h(-1)), has been applied to the analysis of four wastewater samples. The results obtained were compared with those from 4-AAP method. The recoveries obtained by adding phenol standards to samples ranged from 94.3 to 105.2% with a standard deviation of 3.6%.

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Section: Optimization Of the Fi Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of total phenols in environmental wastewater by flow-injection analysis with a biamperometric detector

Zhao

Song

Zhang

2002

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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“…There are many methods where 4-aap is used as color reagent, including the official standard methods. By flow injection analysis some methodologies have been able to determine very low phenol concentrations but by using a high injection volume (800 µL) and also high flow-rates, which causes an increase in the volume of the reagents used (0.8 ml min −1 for 4-aap and 1.2 ml min −1 for potassium hexacyanoferrate (iii) [17][18]. Other authors have evaluated the system used by Frenzel et al in 1992 by decreasing the injection volume to 400 µL, but the volume of reagents and the sampling throughput was the same [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plackett-Burman Factorial Design for the Optimization of a Spectrophotometric Flow Injection Method for Phenol Determination in Tap and Bottled Water Using 4-Aminoantipyrine

et al. 2017

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Plackett-Burman and Quarter fraction 25-2 factorial designs were applied to evaluate a spectrophotometric flow injection method in order to determine phenol in water by using 4-aminoantipyrine (4-aap) as derivatizing reagent. With a minimum number of experiments, the designs enabled the best conditions for phenol analysis: 80 cm and 180 cm reactors; flow-rates being: NH3 1.0 mL min-1; 4-aap 0.35 mL min-1 and K3[Fe(CN)6] 0.35 mL min-1, [NH3] 0.064 mol L-1, [4-aap] 9.84 × 10−3 mol L-1, [K3[Fe(CN)6]] 0.02 mol L-1, and an injection volume of 200 μL. With the optimized method it was possible to increase the lineal range from 0.3 μg mL-1 to 30 μg mL-1 and also to quantify the maximum allowable phenol concentration in water in comparison with other standard and flow injection methods whose lineal range are from 0.5 μg mL-1 to 20 μg mL-1 and from 0.5 μg mL-1 to 16 μg mL-1, respectively. The detection limit was of 0.13 μg mL-1 and the regression coefficient was of 0.9999, making possible a throughput of 36 determinations an hour with a minimum consume of reagent. With the proposed method, a distillation step was not necessary to remove sulfates but, when the sulfate:phenol ratio was higher than 83, the analytical signal for phenol increased 8%, but hypochlorite interfered with the signal when the ypochlorite:phenol ratio was higher than 1.

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“…Liquid-liquid extraction with chloroform is used to concentrate the antipyrine dye for the determination of low levels of phenolic compounds in water. [1][2][3] Various oxidizing reagents, such as potassium hexacyanoferrate(III), [1][2][3][4] peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide, 5,6 iodine 7 and, peroxodisulfate [8][9][10][11][12][13] have also been reported as oxidizing reagents in the 4-aminoantipyrine method. Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) is commonly used; however it leads to color fading of the antipyrine dye.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-Phase Extraction of Antipyrine Dye for Spectrophotometric Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Water

Morita

Nakamura

2011

ANAL. SCI.

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On-line sample preparation and determination of phenols with a Flow-Analysis method

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Determination of total phenols in environmental wastewater by flow-injection analysis with a biamperometric detector

Determination of total phenols in environmental wastewater by flow-injection analysis with a biamperometric detector

Plackett-Burman Factorial Design for the Optimization of a Spectrophotometric Flow Injection Method for Phenol Determination in Tap and Bottled Water Using 4-Aminoantipyrine

Solid-Phase Extraction of Antipyrine Dye for Spectrophotometric Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Water

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