On‐line enzymatic reaction, extraction, and chromatography of fatty acids and triglycerides with supercritical carbon dioxide

Abstract

SummarySupercritical carbon dioxide can be utilized both as an introduction solvent in capillary SFC and as a reaction medium; both possibilities are illustrated in this study. An off-line SFE unit was modified for on-line SFE-SFC. To facilitate rapid depressurization of the extraction cell and to prevent memory effects, a 6-port valve was installed at the outlet line of the extraction unit. An increased background signal was obtained when PEEK polymer was used in the construction of the extraction vessel; when stainless steel was used, the blanks improved. The synthesis of methyl esters and butyl esters of fatty acids from triglycerides in edible fat was examined using an immobilized lipase as a catalyst in on-line SFE-SFC. As a result of 30 minutes reaction -extraction time, high yields of fatty acid esters were obtained at a pressure of 150 bar and a temperature of 50°C.

Effect of moisture content on immobilized lipase‐catalyzed triacylglycerol hydrolysis under supercritical carbon dioxide flow in a tubular fixed‐bed reactor

“…Accordingly, this has become a developing research area that has received much attention in the past 10 yr (1,2). The first reports on the use of supercritical fluids for biochemical reactions also appeared about 10 yr ago (3). Supercritical fluids, especially supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ), have been investigated not only as extraction solvents but also as reaction media for enzymes.…”

Separation and quantification of components of edible fat utilizing open tubular columns in SFC. Sample introduction by direct injection and SFE coupled on-line to SFC

“…In a previous presentation we used high sample concentration and very short dynamic extraction [5]. However short dynamic extraction times were shown to influence the repeatability as described above.…”

“…triglycerides was less influenced by the high flow rate of CO2 (g) (Figure 4), With esterification reactions in on-line SFE -SFC, an excess of reactant (such as butanol) will be extracted together with the sample after the enzyme reaction, and has to be removed before sample elution in order not to disturb the elution profile [1]. In a previous paper the solvent venting technique with gas purging was demonstrated for solvent removal after extraction, using a short pressure pulse of CO2 [5]. Higher sample concentrations and very short dynamic extraction times were used in this work, however.…”

“…In an earlier presentation we illustrated the possibility to react edible fat with immobilized lipase in on-line SFE -SFC [5]. In this paper the quantitative aspects of the on-line system are studied.…”

Supercritical fluid extraction strategies of liquid-based matrices

“…It was recommended that careful selection of polymeric support material should be considered to minimise problems associated with change in breakthrough volume, swelling and plasticisation. An on-line SFE-cSFC method involving the use of an immobilised lipase for interesterification of triglycerides in edible fat to produce fatty acid propyl and butyl esters has been developed by Berg et al [84]. Figure 4.9 shows the manner in which the 0.5 ml SFE vessel was loaded.…”