On-line cloud point preconcentration and determination of gadolinium in urine using flow injection inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Enhancement in sample preconcentration by the on-line incorporation of cloud point extraction to flow injection analysis inside the chemiluminescence cell and the determination of total serum bilirubin

“…Therefore, compared to the results obtained by other authors [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], the present on-line CPE/FIA system had many advantages, such as high sensitivity, high sample throughput, high extraction efficiency and simplicity. Experimental factors which govern the magnitude of the preconcentration factors and the CL intensity were studied.…”

“…When compared to all the reported on-line CPE/FIA papers [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], the key difference/improvement of the present on-line CPE/FIA system was that the collection column served a dual function: (1) to entrap the analyte-containing surfactant aggregates and (2) to provide CL emission (i.e., the collection column was mounted directly adjacent to the detector). Table 1 shows the effects on the CL intensity as a function of the presence (or absence) of the analyte (bilirubin), surfactant (Triton X-114), salting-out agent (Na 2 SO 4 ) and/or filtering material (cotton).…”

“…The analytical capability of this automated system was demonstrated for the determination of coproporphyrin in pretreated urine samples. Subsequently, this on-line CPE/FIA methodology was adopted by other researchers for the rapid and sensitive determination of metal species [7][8][9][10][11][12] and PAHs [13]. However, the preconcentration/enhancement factors reported were lower than that predicted by theoretical calculations [14].…”

Using an Indol Derivative as Complexing Agent for Cloud Point Preconcentration and Determination of Magnesium and Silver Ions in Various Samples by Faas

“…To date, CPE has been used for the extraction and preconcentration of metal ions after the formation of sparingly water-soluble complexes; then the complex in the surfactant-rich phase is determined by different spectrometric methods. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] In the present work, we report on the results obtained from applying the CPE for the extraction of Ag + and Mg 2+ ions from various samples and their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.…”

Cloud Point Extraction of Trace Metals from Seawater and Determination by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Iridium Permanent Modifier

“…geological samples, 23 Cd, Pb and Pd from blood, 24 Co from biological samples, 25 Mo from plant 26 and Gd from urine 27 matrices. However, there are only a few applications for CPE in seawater.…”