On Infrasound Waveguides and Dispersion

Herrin, Eugene

doi:10.1785/gssrl.80.4.565

Cited by 17 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The 2 was used to correct for a hemispherical spreading of acoustic waves in a half space [Morse and Ingard, 1986]. The 2 was used to correct for a hemispherical spreading of acoustic waves in a half space [Morse and Ingard, 1986].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, the reduced acoustic impulse cannot be derived from equation (1) because propagation depends on variables in addition to distance. Based on a point source approximation, acoustic overpressure can be expressed by a convolution of a simple acoustic source [Morse and Ingard, 1986]: The waveform inversion technique [Ohminato et al, 1998;Kim et al, 2015] can be used to infer the optimal acoustic source time function for the observed overpressure waveforms.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study focused only on acoustic wave propagation aboveground by ignoring fluid-solid interaction at ground surface. This may imply either complex variability of local wind or large uncertainty of radiosonde wind measurement at low altitudes [Negraru and Herrin, 2009]. Digital elevation model with approximately 30 m spatial resolution, acquired from U.S. Geological Survey National Elevation Dataset, is used to implement local topography in ELAC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Waveform inversion of acoustic waves for explosion yield estimation

Kim

Rodgers

2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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We present a new waveform inversion technique to estimate the energy of near‐surface explosions using atmospheric acoustic waves. Conventional methods often employ air blast models based on a homogeneous atmosphere, where the acoustic wave propagation effects (e.g., refraction and diffraction) are not taken into account, and therefore, their accuracy decreases with increasing source‐receiver distance. In this study, three‐dimensional acoustic simulations are performed with a finite difference method in realistic atmospheres and topography, and the modeled acoustic Green's functions are incorporated into the waveform inversion for the acoustic source time functions. The strength of the acoustic source is related to explosion yield based on a standard air blast model. The technique was applied to local explosions (<10 km) and provided reasonable yield estimates (<∼30% error) in the presence of realistic topography and atmospheric structure. The presented method can be extended to explosions recorded at far distance provided proper meteorological specifications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Waveform inversion of acoustic waves for explosion yield estimation

Kim

Rodgers

2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…In this case, the synthesized waveforms did indeed result in tropospheric ducting of infrasound energy. We attribute this to the fact that a thicker duct can accommodate lower frequencies than a narrow one; low frequencies are stripped away by a narrow duct (Negraru & Herrin 2009). However, higher frequencies can be trapped within a narrow duct.…”

Section: Application To Bolidementioning

confidence: 99%

Finite difference synthesis of infrasound propagation through a windy, viscous atmosphere: application to a bolide explosion detected by seismic networks

Groot‐Hedlin

Hedlin

Walker

2011

Geophysical Journal International

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S U M M A R YA finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm has been developed to model linear infrasound propagation through a windy, viscous medium. The algorithm has been used to model signals from a large bolide that burst above a dense seismic network in the US Pacific Northwest on 2008 February 19. We compare synthetics that have been computed using a G2S-ECMWF atmospheric model to signals recorded at the seismic networks located along an azimuth of 210 • from the source. The results show that the timing and the range extent of the direct, stratospherically ducted and thermospherically ducted acoustic branches are accurately predicted. However, estimates of absorption obtained from standard attenuation models (Sutherland-Bass) predict much greater attenuation for thermospheric returns at frequencies greater than 0.1 Hz than is observed. We conclude that either the standard absorption model for the thermospheric is incorrect, or that thermospheric returns undergo non-linear propagation at very high altitude. In the former case, a better understanding of atmospheric absorption at high altitudes is required; in the latter, a fully non-linear numerical method is needed to test our hypothesis that higher frequency arrivals from the thermosphere result from non-linear propagation at thermospheric altitudes.

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“…All meteorological observations range from ground level to the base of the stratosphere, and some of them have maximum heights around 30 km. There is, however, uncertainty in the wind measurements taken close to the surface of the Earth (Negraru and Herrin 2009). …”

Section: Source and Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrasound propagation in the zone of silence

Golden

Herrin

2008

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Two controlled source experiments were conducted in Nevada in 2006 and 2007 to study infrasound signal propagation at distances less than 300 km from the source. In 2006 three temporary infrasound arrays were deployed at distances of 76, 108, and 157 from the source. In 2007 the site at 157 km was reoccupied, and data was also recorded at 288 km from the source. Interesting results were derived from the travel time analysis. In 2006 the site at 76 km recorded both tropospheric and stratospheric arrivals, while at 108 and 157 km only stratospheric arrivals were recorded. In 2007 the site at 157 km recorded both tropospheric and stratospheric arrivals, while at 288 km both stratospheric and thermospheric arrivals were recorded. Atmospheric modeling with the InfraMAP software failed to predict returning rays or pressure levels similar to the observed data. Because of the large amplitude variations we attempt to estimate the yields of the explosions using the predominant frequency content of the signals. The physical basis for such a method is found in an increased acoustic transit time of the explosion blast radius with increased yield. Preliminary results suggest this is possible.

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On Infrasound Waveguides and Dispersion

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Waveform inversion of acoustic waves for explosion yield estimation

Waveform inversion of acoustic waves for explosion yield estimation

Finite difference synthesis of infrasound propagation through a windy, viscous atmosphere: application to a bolide explosion detected by seismic networks

Infrasound propagation in the zone of silence

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