On high-field conduction and I–V measurements in quaternary Se–Te–In–Pb nano-chalcogenide thin films

On the structural and thermophysical study of Pb-doped Se-Te-In nanochalcogenide alloys

“…wt.%) alloys have been plotted in Figure 1 and for x = 4 and 6 at. wt.% of Pb is shown in our other research papers [2,41]. Diffraction peaks and observed d spacing of investigated alloys match closely with those of the standard JCPDS card no.…”

“…researchers[6, 17, 41, 46 and 78]. All these observation shows clearly an agreement with the deduced results on variation in band gap, density of defected states[41] as well as average crystalline size from XRD results with Pb content listed in Tables1, 4, and 5, respectively.The obtained results on E g opt are in good agreement with the deduced value of activation energy (ΔE σ ) for nanochalcogenide Se 79-x Te 15 In 6 Pb x (x = 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 at. wt.%) systems in our previous results[41].…”

“…In some cases, Pb additive act as a modifier in the host system by increasing the number of defects. Consequently, crystalline size reduced with Pb addition as observed by others [40][41][42]. Due to all these eminent characteristics of Pb; in the present work also, Pb is used as a doping element for synthesis of nanochalcogenide alloys.…”

“…wt.%) alloys and FESEM images of 4 and 6 at. wt.% of Pb are given elsewhere in our earlier papers [2,41]. Inset histogram of Figure 3((a)-(e)) indicates the particle size distribution obtained by direct measurements in corresponding FESEM images and their respective values of average particle size (D FESEM ) are listed in Table 1.…”

“…In the present study, nanomaterials synthesis is achieve by using melt quenching technique as this is a simplest, most cost effective as well as proven technique for producing high-quality nanomaterials along with optimum stoichiometry and morphology [5,[34][35][36][37][38]. Other researchers also reported that the progression of inclusion of Pb additives have considerable influence on the growth of nanocrystalline semiconducting chalcogenide materials [1,2,3,4,5,6,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,39,40,41,43]. In some cases, Pb additive act as a modifier in the host system by increasing the number of defects.…”