On farm monitoring of the impact of water system sanitation on microbial levels in broiler house water supplies

Maharjan, Pramir; Clark, T.; Kuenzel, C.; Foy, M. K.; Watkins, S. E.

doi:10.3382/japr/pfw010

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Drinking water quality and the drinking water system (DWS) play an important role in the general health and performance of livestock, including broiler chickens [1]. Drinking water for broiler chickens can be contaminated with chemical and microbiological components i.a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and characterisation of biofilms in drinking water systems of broiler houses

et al. 2019

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Background Water quality in the drinking water system (DWS) plays an important role in the general health and performance of broiler chickens. Conditions in the DWS of broilers are ideal for microbial biofilm formation. Since pathogens might reside within these biofilms, they serve as potential source of waterborne transmission of pathogens to livestock and humans. Knowledge about the presence, importance and composition of biofilms in the DWS of broilers is largely missing. In this study, we therefore aim to monitor the occurrence, and chemically and microbiologically characterise biofilms in the DWS of five broiler farms. Results The bacterial load after disinfection in DWSs was assessed by sampling with a flocked swab followed by enumerations of total aerobic flora (TAC) and Pseudomonas spp. The dominant flora was identified and their biofilm-forming capacity was evaluated. Also, proteins, carbohydrates and uronic acids were quantified to analyse the presence of extracellular polymeric substances of biofilms. Despite disinfection of the water and the DWS, average TAC was 6.03 ± 1.53 log CFU/20cm 2 . Enumerations for Pseudomonas spp. were on average 0.88 log CFU/20cm 2 lower. The most identified dominant species from TAC were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , Pseudomonas geniculata and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . However at species level, most of the identified microorganisms were farm specific. Almost all the isolates belonging to the three most abundant species were strong biofilm producers. Overall, 92% of all tested microorganisms were able to form biofilm under lab conditions. Furthermore, 63% of the DWS surfaces appeared to be contaminated with microorganisms combined with at least one of the analysed chemical components, which is indicative for the presence of biofilm. Conclusions Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , Pseudomonas geniculata and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are considered as opportunistic pathogens and could consequently be a potential risk for animal health. Additionally, the biofilm-forming capacity of these organisms could promote attachment of other pathogens such as Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1451-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Salmonella spp. are microorganisms frequently found in drinking water for broilers [1–5]. Waterborne transmission of pathogens to livestock and humans can occur and thereby cause a potential risk for animal and human health [6, 7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and characterisation of biofilms in drinking water systems of broiler houses

et al. 2019

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“…Broiler chickens are mainly infected through environmental sources, feed and drinking water [ 26 ]. Drinking water quality and the drinking water system (DWS) therefore play an important role in the general health and performance of broiler chickens [ 42 ] and consequently also in human health [ 59 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomonas putida as a potential biocontrol agent against Salmonella Java biofilm formation in the drinking water system of broiler houses

et al. 2020

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Background Environmental biofilms can induce attachment and protection of other microorganisms including pathogens, but can also prevent them from invasion and colonization. This opens the possibility for so-called biocontrol strategies, wherein microorganisms are applied to control the presence of other microbes. The potential for both positive and negative interactions between microbes, however, raises the need for in depth characterization of the sociobiology of candidate biocontrol agents (BCAs). The inside of the drinking water system (DWS) of broiler houses is an interesting niche to apply BCAs, because contamination of these systems with pathogens plays an important role in the infection of broiler chickens and consequently humans. In this study, Pseudomonas putida, which is part of the natural microbiota in the DWS of broiler houses, was evaluated as BCA against the broiler pathogen Salmonella Java. Results To study the interaction between these species, an in vitro model was developed simulating biofilm formation in the drinking water system of broilers. Dual-species biofilms of P. putida strains P1, P2, and P3 with S. Java were characterized by competitive interactions, independent of P. putida strain, S. Java inoculum density and application order. When equal inocula of S. Java and P. putida strains P1 or P3 were simultaneously applied, the interaction was characterized by mutual inhibition, whereas P. putida strain P2 showed an exploitation of S. Java. Lowering the inoculum density of S. Java changed the interaction with P. putida strain P3 also into an exploitation of S. Java. A further increase in S. Java inhibition was established by P. putida strain P3 forming a mature biofilm before applying S. Java. Conclusions This study provides the first results showing the potential of P. putida as BCA against S. Java in the broiler environment. Future work should include more complex microbial communities residing in the DWS, additional Salmonella strains as well as chemicals typically used to clean and disinfect the system.

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“…Broiler chickens are mainly infected through environmental sources, feed and drinking water (Heyndrickx et al, 2002). Drinking water quality and the drinking water system (DWS) therefore play an important role in the general health and performance of broiler chickens (Maharjan et al, 2016) and consequently also in human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomonas putida as a potential biocontrol agent against Salmonella Java biofilm formation in the drinking water system of broiler houses

Maes

Reu

Weyenberg

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Environmental biofilms can induce attachment and protection of other microorganisms including pathogens, but can also prevent them from invasion and colonization. This opens the possibility for so-called biocontrol strategies, wherein microorganisms are applied to control the presence of other microbes. The potential for both positive and negative interactions between microbes, however, raises the need for in depth characterization of the sociobiology of candidate biocontrol agents (BCAs). The inside of the drinking water system (DWS) of broiler houses is an interesting niche to apply BCAs, because contamination of these systems with pathogens plays an important role in the infection of broiler chickens and consequently humans. In this study, Pseudomonas putida, which is part of the natural microbiota in the DWS of broiler houses, was evaluated as BCA against the broiler pathogen Salmonella Java.Methods: To study the interaction between these species, an in vitro model was developed simulating biofilm formation in the drinking water system of broilers. Mono- and dual-species biofilms were grown in 6-well microtiter plates and quantified based on bacterial counts and social interactions in mixed communities were determined by the cooperation criterion and biodiversity effect.Results: Dual-species biofilms of P. putida strains P1, P2, and P3 with S. Java were characterized by competitive interactions, independent of P. putida strain, S. Java inoculum density and application order. When equal inocula of S. Java and P. putida strains P1 or P3 were simultaneously applied, the interaction was characterized by mutual inhibition, whereas P. putida strain P2 showed an exploitation of S. Java. Lowering the inoculum density of S. Java changed the interaction with P. putida strain P3 also into an exploitation of S. Java. A further increase in S. Java inhibition was established by P. putida strain P3 forming a mature biofilm before applying S. Java.Conclusions: This study provides the first results showing the potential of P. putida as BCA against S. Java in the broiler environment. Future work should include more complex microbial communities residing in the DWS, additional Salmonella strains as well as chemicals typically used to clean and disinfect the system.

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On farm monitoring of the impact of water system sanitation on microbial levels in broiler house water supplies

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Occurrence and characterisation of biofilms in drinking water systems of broiler houses

Occurrence and characterisation of biofilms in drinking water systems of broiler houses

Pseudomonas putida as a potential biocontrol agent against Salmonella Java biofilm formation in the drinking water system of broiler houses

Pseudomonas putida as a potential biocontrol agent against Salmonella Java biofilm formation in the drinking water system of broiler houses

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