On-farm Diversity and Characterization of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Landraces in the Highlands of West Shewa, Ethiopia

Eticha, Firdissa; Sinebo, Woldeyesus; Grausgruber, H.

doi:10.17348/era.8.0.25-34

Cited by 18 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Tsegaye and Berg (2007) reported for tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) in two districts of East Shewa, where the expansion of tef and improved varieties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) contributed significantly to the genetic erosion of tetraploid wheat FV's. Eticha et al (2010) indicated that, a high yielding improved barley variety (HB-1307) is currently expanding and accelerating the loss of barley varietal diversity. On the contrary, Mekbib (2007) reported that improved varieties of sorghum were not the reasons for genetic erosion of FV's in the context of eastern Ethiopia and they contributed to the genetic enrichment of the existing on farm genetic diversity.…”

Section: Weather Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic erosion of barley in North Shewa Zone of Oromiya Region, Ethiopia

Megersa¹

2014

Int. J. Biodivers. Conserv.

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This study was conducted during the cropping season of 2010 at Degem wereda. The objectives were to assess the extent of genetic erosion of barley and justify reasons for its conservation at community and household levels. Formal and informal surveys were made aimed at assessing causes for genetic erosion and quantify the level of genetic erosion. Collected data were subjected to descriptive statistics; Chi-square test and relative regression analysis and analyzed with SPSS software version 15. Accordingly, 17 farmers' variety (FV's) were grown before 1994 and during 2010 only 5 FV's (35%) were grown. The estimated loss accounts for 65%. The major causes for genetic erosion were introduction of improved varieties, replacement of other crops, weather variability, and change in land use pattern and lack of policy support (76, 14, 14, 8, 13 and 90%, respectively). Moreover, socio-economic factors affected genetic erosion and statistically and highly significant at p<0.001 for Chi-square and at p<0.05 for regression analysis. Wealth of traditional sayings, poems and songs gave a picture of the importance of barley in society's daily life. Therefore, attention should be given to conservation of farmers' varieties. Involving farmers' participation is very important in order to use their indigenous knowledge for conservation of FVs', varieties end-use and share their socio-cultural preferences. On farm conservation strategies should be practiced for FVs' sustainable use and attain food security.Key words: Genetic erosion, barley, conservation, varieties. INTRODUCTIONBarley was domesticated in Southwest Asia from tworowed wild barley, Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneoum (Harlan, 1976). However, recent researches attributed two origins for barley, that is, mountainous areas of Ethiopia and Southeast Asia. The earliest cultivation of barley was believed to have begun some 8,000 to 10,000 years ago in the area of the Middle East known as the Fertile Crescent (Giles and Von Bothmer, 1985; VonBothmer and Jacobsen, 1985).Barley is the predominant cereal crop in the high altitudes (>1800 m.a.s.l.) and it can be cropped twice a year. The main season, locally known as meher, relies on June-September rainfall, while the March-April rainfall provides moisture for a second season, known as belg (Lakew et al., 1997;Bekele et al., 2005;Shewayrga and Sopade, 2011).The greatest diversity of barley in terms of morphological types, genetic races, disease-resistant lines, and endemic morphotypes exists in Ethiopia (Orlov, 1929;Huffnagel, 1961). In Ethiopia it was cultivated by the ancient Agews as early as 3000 before Christ (Gamst, 1969) and since then the crop is grown as farmers' variety (FV's) by subsistence farmers and provide a more dependable and sustainable production for the farming community than the other cereals in the highlands of Ethiopia. In parts of southern and central Ethiopia, the E-mail: girma.megersa@yahoo.ca. Tel: +251911056829.history of barley cultivation is reported to have coincided with the history of the plough cu...

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Section: Weather Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information concerning the impacts of socio-cultural conditions of farmers on the maintenance of crop genetic resources is rare in Ethiopia (Eticha et al, 2010). Indigenous knowledge and socio-cultural preferences of FVs' have not been assessed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic erosion of barley in North Shewa Zone of Oromiya Region, Ethiopia

Megersa¹

2014

Int. J. Biodivers. Conserv.

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“…Therefore, same landraces might have been reported by different names of different languages. Eticha et al (2009;2010) reported 17 different kinds of foods and beverages from barley landraces in Dandi and Jeldu districts, West Shewa, Ethiopia. As Tsegaye and Berg (2007a, b) stated the number of households' end uses is directly related to the diversity of landraces on-farm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In central highlands (south Welo and North Shewa) of Ethiopia, cereal based mixed cropping systems such as sorghum/tef intercropped and boarder cropped with different oil crops such as noog (Guizotia abyssinica), sesame (Sesamum indicum), linseed (Linum usitatissimum), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) and sunflower (Helianthus annus) are the main practices for existences of diversity in crop varieties in the system and farmers do such practices to maximize total land equivalent ratio and minimize the risk of crops failure (Geleta et al, 2002). In rural areas of Ethiopia, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is known for medicinal values Eticha et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homemade Products and Socio-Cultural Values of Wheat Seed Production in Ambo and Dandi Districts of West Central Ethiopia

Geleta¹,

Grausgruber²

2014

Sci. Technol. Arts Res. J.

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Article InformationThe objective of the study was to document homemade dishes/beverages from wheat landraces and socio-cultural lifestyles of people related to wheat production in Ambo and Dandi Districts, West Shewa. A total of four Peasant Associations (PAs) (Awaro, Gosu-Kora, Awash-Bole and Haro-Dule) were purposively selected from the two districts. A questionnaire on wheat seed systems, utilization and socio-cultural life style of people related to wheat landraces cultivation and conservation were developed. Focused group discussions were made at village level among groups of farmers on specific points led by the principal researchers. Emphasis was given to women since the utilization of crops in the households are usually their responsibilities. In addition, a total of 90 households were interviewed following the questionnaire developed on the three themes. Finally consolidated ideas were noted by the researchers and organized into tables and figures of proportions. Farmers reported that nine different homemade dishes/snacks and two beverages which can be made from wheat landraces. These include dufo-dabo, budena/injera, ambasha/kita, kinche, marka, mullu, aka'i, dabo-kolo, biscuit and beverages farso and arake. The different wheat landraces are suited for the preparation of at least two or more different dishes/snacks and beverages. These different dishes/snacks and beverages are prepared at regular times or on special occasions (e.g. New Year, religious and non-religious social gatherings). Some of the dishes and beverages are used as sources of income by urban and suburban women who sell their products at markets or bus stops. Seed colour plays a critical role in determining end use qualities. White seed varieties are preferred for food uses while the purple seed types are used for beverage production. The people of the study areas have deep rooted culture connected to wheat production. Farmers use folksongs and proverbs to express the end use qualities and their peculiar morpho-agronomic characteristics of different wheat landrace varieties.

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“…As cited by Abebe and Bjornstad (1997) Scheiemann stated that Ethiopia is considered as secondary center of diversity or center of origin for barley, which belongs to Poaceae. The diversity of barley in Ethiopia is quite high for an extended history of cultivation and variant agroecosystems (Eticha et al, 2010). Environmental factors such as varied soil types, altitudinal variation and climatic factors contribute to the diversity of barley manifested in Ethiopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of genetic diversity among released and elite Ethiopian barley genotypes using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

Misganaw¹,

Kidane²,

Tesfu³

2017

Afr. J. Plant Sci.

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Barley is a major cereal grown widely and used in several food products, beverage production and animal feed. Being the fourth most important cereal crop in the world and the fifth rank in Ethiopia, it is a cash crop and used as a source of malt by the brewery industries, as food for human and feed for animals. Genetic diversity assessment is a key component in breeding programs. High level of polymorphism, codominant and multi allelic nature of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers make them preferable for diversity analysis in plant species. In this study, 22 SSRs markers were used to characterize the genetic diversity of 39 released and elite barley varieties collected from barley breeding program in Ethiopia. The amplification of SSRs loci were obtained for 35 primer pairs and only 22 of them showed clear polymorphic patterns which produced a total of 73 alleles with an average of 5 alleles per locus. The data generated by these informative primers were sufficient to discriminate the analysed barley genotypes. Based on the dissimilarity matrices ranging from 0.11 to 0.58, the genotypes were grouped into three major groups. The calculated polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranges from 0.17 to 0.60 with an average of 0.47 which shows the importance of the markers for future diversity analysis of barley. Locus HVACL1 and HVM36 shows higher PIC and locus HVBDHN7 shows lower PIC in this characterized barley genotype. This result will be useful for barley germplasm management and improvement in terms of biodiversity protection and design of new crosses for future breeding purpose.

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On-farm Diversity and Characterization of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Landraces in the Highlands of West Shewa, Ethiopia

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Genetic erosion of barley in North Shewa Zone of Oromiya Region, Ethiopia

Genetic erosion of barley in North Shewa Zone of Oromiya Region, Ethiopia

Homemade Products and Socio-Cultural Values of Wheat Seed Production in Ambo and Dandi Districts of West Central Ethiopia

Assessment of genetic diversity among released and elite Ethiopian barley genotypes using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

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