On current crowd management practices and the need for increased situation awareness, prediction, and intervention

Martella, Claudio; Li, J.; Conrado, Claudine; Vermeeren, Arnold

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2016.09.006

Cited by 52 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The existing studies of crowds have, however, tended to be restricted to a limited range of factors, confined to particular crowd types and not embracing the sociotechnical systems perspective that ergonomics and human factors (E/HF) would advocate (Challenger, et al, 2009;Davis et al, 2014;Martella et al, 2017). It is readily apparent that crowd situations involve significant interactions between humans and features of the environment as well as a multitude of social exchanges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing experience in crowds – The organiser perspective

et al. 2018

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Crowds are a commonplace encounter but the experience for participants can be highly variable. Crowds are complex sociotechnical phenomenon, affected by many interacting factors. Little is known, however, about how those responsible for organising crowd situations approach their responsibilities. This study conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 41) with organisers responsible for different aspects of the design, planning, management and operations of events and other crowd situations. The objective was to understand organisers' priorities, along with the consideration given to the experience of crowd participants. The interviews revealed that organisers generally prioritised finance, security and health and safety aspects, whilst giving limited explicit attention to other important factors that affect participant experience. Organisers tended to approach their planning and decisions on the basis of their own experience and judgement, without accessing training or reference to guidance. It is suggested that the non-use of guidance is in part due to problems with the guidance currently available, both its content and its form. The organisers of infrequent or small-scale events have the greatest knowledge and experience gap. It is concluded that in order to achieve a consistent, high quality experience for crowd participants, there needs to be improved understanding among organisers of the complexity of crowds and the multiple factors influencing participant experience. Guidance and tools need to be usable and tailored to organisers' requirements. Organisers of infrequent or small-scale events are especially in need of support.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing experience in crowds – The organiser perspective

et al. 2018

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“…Another solution that can be implemented is represented by the management of the outflow near the exit of the lower Church. In fact, the behaviour of the crowd, highlights that an adequately designed system of barriers can lead to an improvement in the flow of the crowd itself [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The geometry of the existing gate is represented by an internal barrier, which extends for about 10 m with the objective of separating incoming and outgoing flows.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This assumption is also confirmed by the current research carried out concerning the behaviour of the masses which states that the groups composed by more than 4 people tend to divide into smaller groups. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Description Of the Executed Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the actual worldwide situation, people begin to be afraid of gathering in a large crowd and for this reason it is recommended to reassure them in a proper way. Furthermore, it is necessary to remind that to generate panic among the crowd any threat is enough, even if only presumed, like a scream or a loud and sudden noise [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crowd evacuation analysis of the Papal Basilica of Saint Francis in Assisi, Italy

Garzia¹,

Lombardi²,

Marsella³

et al. 2019

Int. J. SAFE

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The safety and security of public events involving large masses, or anyway the safety of crowded sites, is a timely and important topic that must be properly and deeply analysed. It is therefore necessary to use proper methods of analysis and design of the safety and security of public events by a suitable engineering approach, aimed at guaranteeing the safety and security of people during evacuation in ordinary and emergency conditions.The present work analyses the crowd evacuation of the Papal basilica of Saint Francis in Assisi that, together with the Sacred Convent, represent a unique and specific cultural heritage site where the mortal remains of St. Francis have been housed since 1230 AD. Millions of pilgrims and visitors from all over the world visit this site each year. In 2000 AD, together with other Franciscan sites in the surrounding area, it achieved uNESCO World heritage status.To reach the desired goal, a proper simulation model of people evacuation was set up, considering the fundamental aspects of interaction between the architecture and layout of the basilica and the behaviour of the crowd.The obtained results provide a series of important information for people evacuation management that leads to a more regular exit flow with a decrease in the time of stationary waiting and, therefore, with a decrease of the probability of generating spontaneous panic phenomena induced by the crowd.

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“…A positive impact on decreasing violence during holidays could be achieved by implementing multilevel interventions that take into account the structural, environmental, and individual factors that are associated with violence, based on the triangulation of theoretical perspectives that help to explain the interaction between violence and the social and physical context in which it occurs [25]. New tools such as crowd studies could also contribute to this aim [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homicides during the Barranquilla Carnival, Colombia: A 10 Year Time-Series Analysis

Guarin-Ardila

Montero-Ariza

Astudillo‐García

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Homicides are currently the third leading cause of death among young adults, and an increase has been reported during holidays. The aim of the present study was to explore whether an association exists between Carnival in Barranquilla, Colombia, and an increase in homicides in the city. We used mortality records to identify the number of daily homicides of men and women throughout the week of Carnival, and we compared those with records from all of standard days between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2015. Conditional fixed-effects models were used, stratified by time and adjusted by weather variables. The average number of homicides on Carnival days was found to be higher than on a standard day, with an OR of 2.34 (CI 95%: 1.19–4.58) for the occurrence of at least one male homicide per day during Carnival, and 1.22 (CI 95%: 1.22–7.36) for female homicides, adjusted by weather variables. The occurrence of homicides during Carnival was observed and was similar to findings for other holidays. Given that violence is a multifactorial phenomenon, the identification of the factors involved serves as a basis for evaluating whether current strategies have a positive effect on controlling it.

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On current crowd management practices and the need for increased situation awareness, prediction, and intervention

Cited by 52 publications

References 43 publications

Factors influencing experience in crowds – The organiser perspective

Factors influencing experience in crowds – The organiser perspective

Crowd evacuation analysis of the Papal Basilica of Saint Francis in Assisi, Italy

Homicides during the Barranquilla Carnival, Colombia: A 10 Year Time-Series Analysis

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