ON cone bipolar cells in rat express the metabotropic receptor mGluR6

Vardi, Noga; Morigiwa, Katsuko

doi:10.1017/s0952523800012736

Cited by 115 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Other interesting differences in expression exist for the mglur6 paralogs: Vertebrate mGluR6 is known to be involved in the ON-bipolar cell signaling being exclusively expressed in ON-bipolar cell dendrites (Hartveit et al, 1995;Masu et al, 1995;Nomura et al, 1994;Ueda et al, 1997;Vardi et al, 2000;Vardi and Morigiwa, 1997). We only found expression of mglur6b in the medial INL, where bipolar cell bodies are located, whereas mglur6a is not expressed in this layer at larval stages.…”

Section: Retinamentioning

confidence: 62%

Phylogeny and expression divergence of metabotropic glutamate receptor genes in the brain of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Haug

Gesemann

Mueller

2013

J of Comparative Neurology

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Glutamate, the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, modulates synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability via metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). These receptors are essential components for diverse cognitive functions and they represent potential drug targets for the treatment of a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, we describe the phylogenetic relation and mRNA distribution of zebrafish mGluRs. In comparison to the eight mglurs present in the mammalian genome, we identified 13 different mglur genes in the zebrafish genome. In situ hybridization experiments in zebrafish revealed widespread expression patterns for the different mglurs in the central nervous system, implicating their significance in diverse neuronal functions. Prominent mglur expression is found in the olfactory bulb, the optic tectum, the hypothalamus, the cerebellum, and the retina. We show that expression pattern of paralogs generated by the teleost specific whole genome duplication is overlapping in some brain regions but complementary in others, suggesting sub-and/or neofunctionalization in the latter. Group I mglurs are similarly expressed in brain areas of both larval and adult zebrafish, suggesting that their functions are comparable during these stages. AbstractGlutamate, the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, modulates synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability via metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). These receptors are essential components for diverse cognitive functions and they represent potential drug targets for the treatment of a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders.Here, we describe the phylogenetic relation and mRNA distribution of zebrafish mGluRs. In comparison to the eight mglurs present in the mammalian genome, we identified 13 different mglur genes in the zebrafish genome. In situ hybridization experiments in zebrafish revealed widespread expression patterns for the different mglurs in the central nervous system, implicating their significance in diverse neuronal functions. Prominent mglur expression is found in the olfactory bulb, the optic tectum, the hypothalamus, the cerebellum, and the retina. We show that expression pattern of paralogs generated by the teleost specific whole genome duplication is overlapping in some brain regions but complementary in others, suggesting suband/or neofunctionalization in the latter. Group I mglurs are similarly expressed in brain areas of both larval and adult zebrafish, suggesting that their functions are comparable during these stages.

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Section: Retinamentioning

confidence: 62%

Phylogeny and expression divergence of metabotropic glutamate receptor genes in the brain of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Haug

Gesemann

Mueller

2013

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…The adjacent smaller dendritic process (ON-CB, right arrow) fully invaginating a pedicle in other sections was also immunoreactive for mGluR7. These were the dendrites of ON cone bipolar cells (Vardi and Morigiwa, 1997), which were definitely different from the semi-invaginating dendrites of certain types of OFF cone bipolar cells (DeVries et al, 2006). In the neighboring area, two flat synaptic contacts with membrane densification (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Novel Connection between Rods and ON Cone Bipolar Cells Revealed by Ectopic Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 7 (mGluR7) in mGluR6-Deficient Mouse Retinas

Tsukamoto¹,

Morigiwa²,

Ishii³

et al. 2007

Journal of Neuroscience

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Since the discovery of direct chemical synapses between rod photoreceptor and OFF cone bipolar cells in mouse retinas, whether the ON cone bipolar cell also receive direct chemical input from rod has been a pending question. In finding that metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) was uniquely expressed in dendrites of ON cone bipolar cells in the mGluR6-deficient mouse retina, we used this ectopic mGluR7 immunoreactivity as a specific marker for the ON cone bipolar to search for its rod connection. Here, we show that a certain type of ON cone bipolar cell forms ribbon-associated synapses not only with cones, but also rods. This finding was verified in the wild-type mouse retina by three-dimensional reconstruction of bipolar cells from serial electron micrographs. These ON cone bipolars were further identified as corresponding to type 7 of mouse bipolar cell described by Ghosh et al.

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“…Considerable evidence has indicated the role of mGluR6 in synaptic transmission of ON bipolar cells in both rod and cone systems. mGluR6 is confined at postsynaptic dendritic tips of both rod and cone ON bipolar cells (Nomura et al, 1994;Vardi and Morigiwa, 1997). Furthermore, mGluR6 shows an agonist profile consistent with the property of the L-AP-4-sensitive mGluR reported in ON bipolar cells (Nakajima et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistological Studies of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 6-Deficient Mice Show No Abnormality of Retinal Cell Organization and Ganglion Cell Maturation

et al. 1999

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Immature retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) initially show a multistratified dendritic pattern, and, during the postnatal period, these dendrites gradually monostratify into ON and OFF sublaminae. The selective agonist of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR), L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-AP-4), hyperpolarizes ON bipolar cells and reduces glutamate release. On the basis of L-AP-4-evoked inhibitory effects on ON-OFF segregation of developing RGCs, it has been hypothesized that glutamate-mediated synaptic activity is crucial for formation of the ON-OFF network. Gene-targeted ablation of mGluR6 specifically expressed in ON bipolar cells blocks normal ON responses but has been predicted to enhance glutamate release from ON bipolar cells. The mGluR6 knockout mouse therefore provides a unique opportunity to investigate whether glutamate release and ON responses are important factors in the development of ON-OFF segregation. The combination of several different morphological analyses indicates that ON bipolar cells, as well as several distinct amacrine cells, in mGluR6 knock-out mice are normally distributed and correctly extend their terminals to defined retinal laminae. Importantly, both ␣ and ␦ RGCs in adult mGluR6 knock-out mice are found monostratified into cell type-specific layers. Furthermore, no difference between wild-type and mGluR6 knock-out mice is observed in the maturation and dendritic stratification of developing RGCs. Hence, despite a deficit in normal ON responses, mGluR6 deficiency causes no abnormality in the retinal cellular organization nor in the stratifications of both ON bipolar cells and developing and mature RGCs. Based on these findings, we discuss several possible mechanisms that may underlie ON-OFF segregation of RGCs.

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ON cone bipolar cells in rat express the metabotropic receptor mGluR6

Cited by 115 publications

References 40 publications

Phylogeny and expression divergence of metabotropic glutamate receptor genes in the brain of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Phylogeny and expression divergence of metabotropic glutamate receptor genes in the brain of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

A Novel Connection between Rods and ON Cone Bipolar Cells Revealed by Ectopic Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 7 (mGluR7) in mGluR6-Deficient Mouse Retinas

Immunohistological Studies of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 6-Deficient Mice Show No Abnormality of Retinal Cell Organization and Ganglion Cell Maturation

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