On-chip Mach-Zehnder interferometer for OCT systems

Leeuwen, Ton G. van; Akca, Imran; Angelou, Nikolaos; Weiss, Nicolás; Hoekman, Marcel; Leinse, Arne; Heideman, René

doi:10.1515/aot-2017-0061

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Michelson interferometers for 1500 nm 14,15 , Mach-Zehnder interferometers for 1300 16 and 1550 nm 17 as well as multimode interferometers for 1300 nm 18 and polarization splitters for 1550 nm 19 have been developed for swept-source OCT. Huang et al 20 presented an integrated three-layer cascade of 1 × 2 splitters resulting in eight sample arm channels for parallelized sample scanning. Upon implementation in OCT setups, these works reported up to a 91 dB sensitivity (26 mW on the sample 20 ) and a 13 µm axial resolution 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward optical coherence tomography on a chip: in vivo three-dimensional human retinal imaging using photonic integrated circuit-based arrayed waveguide gratings

et al. 2021

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In this work, we present a significant step toward in vivo ophthalmic optical coherence tomography and angiography on a photonic integrated chip. The diffraction gratings used in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography can be replaced by photonic integrated circuits comprising an arrayed waveguide grating. Two arrayed waveguide grating designs with 256 channels were tested, which enabled the first chip-based optical coherence tomography and angiography in vivo three-dimensional human retinal measurements. Design 1 supports a bandwidth of 22 nm, with which a sensitivity of up to 91 dB (830 µW) and an axial resolution of 10.7 µm was measured. Design 2 supports a bandwidth of 48 nm, with which a sensitivity of 90 dB (480 µW) and an axial resolution of 6.5 µm was measured. The silicon nitride-based integrated optical waveguides were fabricated with a fully CMOS-compatible process, which allows their monolithic co-integration on top of an optoelectronic silicon chip. As a benchmark for chip-based optical coherence tomography, tomograms generated by a commercially available clinical spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system were compared to those acquired with on-chip gratings. The similarities in the tomograms demonstrate the significant clinical potential for further integration of optical coherence tomography on a chip system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward optical coherence tomography on a chip: in vivo three-dimensional human retinal imaging using photonic integrated circuit-based arrayed waveguide gratings

et al. 2021

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“…Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are widely employed in the field of data- and telecommunication 1 , and have gained much attention in various other fields of application such as bio-medical and chemical sensing 2,3 , optical gyroscopes 4,5 , optical coherence tomography 6,7 , and astronomy 8 . Most of these PICs rely either on an external coupling of coherent light into the chip, which can be achieved for example by end-facet 9 or grating coupling 10,11 , or the heterogeneous integration of a semiconductor laser through bonding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slot-Waveguide Silicon Nitride Organic Hybrid Distributed Feedback Laser

Vogelbacher

Sagmeister

Kraft

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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One of the major barriers for a widespread commercial uptake of silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits for cost-sensitive applications is the lack of low-cost monolithically integrated laser light sources directly emitting into single-mode waveguides. In this work, we demonstrate an optically pumped organic solid-state slot-waveguide distributed feedback laser designed for a silicon nitride organic hybrid photonic platform. Pulsed optical excitation of the gain medium is achieved by a 450 nm laser diode. The optical feedback for lasing is based on a second-order laterally coupled Bragg grating with a slot-waveguide core. Optimized material gain properties of the organic dye together with the increased modal gain of the laser mode arising from the improved overlap of the slot-waveguide geometry with the gain material enable single-mode lasing at a wavelength of 600 nm. The straightforward integration and operation with a blue laser diode leads to a cost-effective coherent light source for photonic integrated devices.

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“…More than a third (38%) of these systems are categorized in TRL 4 as these were validated in the lab. In most of the articles (72%) only individual components are integrated on a PIC: Either photonic parts, such as interferometer [76, 85–87, 89, 91, 98], AWGs [78, 80, 83, 95, 100], a delay line [96] and parallelization [75, 89] or electronic/detection part [88] have been reported. 19% report on systems that combine on‐PIC photonics and electronics or are packaged in a complete compact system [81, 92, 94].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturizing optical coherence tomography

Rank

Agneter

Schmoll

et al. 2022

Transl Biophotonics

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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized ophthalmic diagnosis as a non-invasive, cross-sectional imaging technique in the last 30 years and hence is one of the fastest adopted advanced imaging technologies in the history of medicine. A miniaturization of OCT devices would not only reduce size but ideally also reduce costs and therefore create potential new markets. OCT systems based on photonic integrated circuits (PIC) could enable a significant miniaturization of complex systems with high degree of integration as well as low costs of goods. These therefore have a potential to enable portable, cost-effective, high performing, real handheld OCT devices. This review identifies three main categories towards miniaturized OCT devices: Handheld imaging probes interfaced to a (mobile) base station, compact home/self-OCT and PICbased OCT. Imaging performance parameters and technical readiness levels of the identified miniaturized OCT systems for (non-) ophthalmic applications are presented. Special attention is paid to PIC-based OCT applications and their progress.Picture: First in vivo human retinal tomogram using a PIC-based subcomponent (arrayed waveguide grating, AWG) of a spectral domain OCT system.

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On-chip Mach-Zehnder interferometer for OCT systems

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Toward optical coherence tomography on a chip: in vivo three-dimensional human retinal imaging using photonic integrated circuit-based arrayed waveguide gratings

Toward optical coherence tomography on a chip: in vivo three-dimensional human retinal imaging using photonic integrated circuit-based arrayed waveguide gratings

Slot-Waveguide Silicon Nitride Organic Hybrid Distributed Feedback Laser

Miniaturizing optical coherence tomography

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