On-chip generation and reaction of unstable intermediates—monolithic nanoreactors for diazonium chemistry: Azo dyes

Wootton, Robert C. R.; Fortt, Robin; Mello, Andrew J. de

doi:10.1039/b111286d

Cited by 88 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, microreactor technology makes it possible to safely perform reactions with unstable intermediates [17] such as these, as well as those that give rise to explosive [18] and hazardous products [19]. The small reagent volumes used in microreactors also reduce the amount of acidic and alkaline waste associated with the synthesis of azo compounds during research and development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in situ generation and reactive quench of diazonium compounds in the synthesis of azo compounds in microreactors

Akwi¹,

Watts²

2016

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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SummaryIn this paper, a micro-fluidic optimized process for the continuous flow synthesis of azo compounds is presented. The continuous flow synthesis of Sudan II azo dye was used as a model reaction for the study. At found optimal azo coupling reaction temperature and pH an investigation of the optimum flow rates of the reactants for the diazotization and azo coupling reactions in Little Things Factory-MS microreactors was performed. A conversion of 98% was achieved in approximately 2.4 minutes and a small library of azo compounds was thus generated under these reaction conditions from couplers with aminated or hydroxylated aromatic systems. The scaled up synthesis of these compounds in PTFE tubing (i.d. 1.5 mm) was also investigated, where good reaction conversions ranging between 66–91% were attained.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in situ generation and reactive quench of diazonium compounds in the synthesis of azo compounds in microreactors

Akwi¹,

Watts²

2016

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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“…As well as this, more precise control over the reaction thermodynamics could have been achieved by implementing regions of thermal control within the reactor. 146 Unfortunately, the reaction conditions proved to be more damaging to the Accura 60 material than initially predicted, and the part swelled destructively (Figure 54). This meant it was not possible to optimise the reaction conditions without rebuilding the part, so despite this initially promising result in order to progress the project into other areas the part was not rebuilt.…”

Section: Sl Partmentioning

confidence: 96%

Design and additive manufacture for flow chemistry

et al. 2013

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“…Via a T-junction, aniline and two methylated aniline derivatives were contacted with an acidic sodium nitrite solution [43]. The reaction was completed in a coiled elongated channel acting as delay loop.…”

Section: Multi-step Syntheses Carried Out At the Same Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Synthesis with Microstructured Reactors

Hessel¹,

Löwe²

2005

Chem Eng & Technol

102

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This article describes the opportunities microstructured reactors offer for chemical plant engineering. This suitability for chemical production is commonly regarded to be the key to market penetration. Century-long practices with batch-type stirring and, correspondingly, the existence of capital-intensive large-scale plants, hinder an easy and fast implementation of chemical micro process engineering. Seen in the long term, there is potential that new plants can be equipped with microstructured reactors. Only economic balances, however, which draw up profitability, will open the door to the usage of chemical micro process engineering for plant construction. The main arguments for using microstructured reactors are enhanced conversion and selectivity, increased space-time yields, waste reduction and better safety given the small reactor volumes. Credit-card sized reaction systems allow one to perform the screening of multi-step reactions in one run. Even more impressively, similar screening is carried out for single-step reactions faster and more reliably. Moreover, safe processing with microstructured reactors in the explosive regime enlarges the traditional range of processing. The reaction guidance by microstructured reactors can further influence subsequent processing steps, such as product purification, and in this way can lower the energy costs of processes.

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On-chip generation and reaction of unstable intermediates—monolithic nanoreactors for diazonium chemistry: Azo dyes

Abstract: Monolithic nanoreactors for the safe and expedient continuous synthesis of products requiring unstable intermediates were fabricated and tested by the synthesis of azo dyes under hydrodynamic pumping regimes.

Cited by 88 publications

References 8 publications

The in situ generation and reactive quench of diazonium compounds in the synthesis of azo compounds in microreactors

The in situ generation and reactive quench of diazonium compounds in the synthesis of azo compounds in microreactors

Design and additive manufacture for flow chemistry

Organic Synthesis with Microstructured Reactors

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