On-Chip Clocking for Nanomagnet Logic Devices

Alam, M.T.; Siddiq, Mohammad Abu Jafar; Bernstein, Gary H.; Niemier, Michael; Porod, Wolfgang; Hu, Xiaobo Sharon

doi:10.1109/tnano.2010.2041248

Cited by 138 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…One method of switching the nanomagnets is by generating a local magnetic field in the vicinity of a magnet with a current [94]. The current flows in a loop circling the magnet.…”

Section: Magnetic Quantum Cellular Automatamentioning

confidence: 99%

General Principles of Spin Transistors and Spin Logic Devices

Bandyopadhyay

Cahay

2013

Handbook of Spintronics

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This chapter provides an overview of the field of spin-based devices, circuits, and architectures for digital information processing. Electron spin -as opposed to electron charge -is used as a classical degree of freedom to encode binary bits, and this approach improves the energy efficiency of information processing. However, there are also disadvantages associated with unreliability, difficulty of reading and writing information, and sometimes the need for cryogenic operation. These issues are discussed exhaustively, pointing the readers to niche applications where spin-based devices may offer some advantage. Both the basic and the applied aspects of spintronic information processing are discussed.

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“…One method of switching the nanomagnets is by generating a local magnetic field in the vicinity of a magnet with a current [94]. The current flows in a loop circling the magnet.…”

Section: Magnetic Quantum Cellular Automatamentioning

confidence: 99%

General Principles of Spin Transistors and Spin Logic Devices

Bandyopadhyay

Cahay

2013

Handbook of Spintronics

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“…One can replicate SSL with nanomagnets instead of single electron spins. These systems have been termed magnetic quantum cellular automata [62,63] and are essentially nothing but nanomagnetic versions of SSL with a single-domain nanomagnet replacing a single spin, and dipole interaction replacing exchange interaction.…”

Section: Nanomagnetic Logic: Computing With Spin Ensemblesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The traditional method of switching nanomagnets is to generate a local magnetic field in the vicinity of a magnet with a current [63,66]. The current flows in a loop circling the magnet.…”

Section: Switching a Nanomagnet: Penny-wise And Pound-foolishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information Processing with Electron Spins

Bandyopadhyay

2012

ISRN Materials Science

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Information processors process information in a variety of ways. The human brain processes information through a highly interconnected system of neurons and synapses, while a digital computer processes information by having a binary switch toggle on and off in response to a stream of binary bits. The "switch" is the most primitive unit of the modern computer. The better it is (faster, more energy efficient, more reliable, etc.), the more advanced is the computer hardware. Energy efficiency, however, is more important than any other attribute, not so much because energy is costly, but because too much energy dissipation prevents increasing the density of switches on a chip that is necessary to make the chip increasingly more powerful. Reducing dissipation entails radically new and often revolutionary approaches for implementing the switch. One such approach is to encode digital bit information in the spin polarization of a single electron (or ensemble of electrons) and then using two mutually antiparallel polarizations to represent the binary bits 0 and 1. Switching between the bits can be accomplished by simply flipping the polarizations of the spins, which takes very little energy. Such switches are extremely energy efficient if designed properly, but they are somewhat slower than traditional transistor-based switches and can be more error prone. This paper discusses the pros and cons of spin-based switches and introduces the reader to the most recent advancements in information processing predicated on encoding information in electron spin polarization.

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“…1c). [12] proposed CMOS compatible clocks that have been (i) fabricated [13], (ii) used to switch the state of individual magnetic islands [13], and (iii) used to re-evaluate line and gate structures with new inputs [14]. Looking to larger systems, parallel ensembles of magnets over a given wire (Fig.…”

Section: Field-driven Clockingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making non-volatile nanomagnet logic non-volatile

Dingler

Kurtz

Niemier

et al. 2012

Proceedings of the 49th Annual Design Automation Conference

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Field-coupled nanomagnets can offer significant energy savings at iso-performance versus CMOS equivalents. Magnetic logic could be integrated with CMOS, operate in environments that CMOS cannot, and retain state without power. Clocking requirements lead to inherently pipelined circuits, and high throughput further improves application-level performance. However, bit conflictsthat will occur in defect free, pipelined ensembles -can make non-volatile logic volatile. Assuming a field-based clock, we present hardware designs to improve steady state non-volatility, and explain how design enhancements could increase clock energy. We then suggest materials-related design levers that could simultaneously deliver non-volatility and low clock energy.

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On-Chip Clocking for Nanomagnet Logic Devices

Cited by 138 publications

References 8 publications

General Principles of Spin Transistors and Spin Logic Devices

General Principles of Spin Transistors and Spin Logic Devices

Information Processing with Electron Spins

Making non-volatile nanomagnet logic non-volatile

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