On Bended Knees: Investigative Journalism and Changing Media Culture in Nigeria

Abstract

Nigeria, with one of the most robust and freest media in Africa, provides a fertile ground for unencumbered investigative journalism. In the last five years, except for episodic exclusives in one or two newspapers, investigative stories have waned. Why are Nigerian newspapers not engaging in investigative reporting, and what implication does this hold for the watchdog role of the press? This article examined the challenges facing investigative journalism using theoretical and empirically proven studies on variables that decrease journalistic autonomy. Twenty-five structured interviews involving journalists, journalism teachers, and civil society activists were conducted in Lagos and Abuja. The two cities are where media are mostly produced and consumed, where tensions and struggles for control of information, communication, political thoughts, and social discourses take place and, where there exist, but largely unreported, massive political malfeasance, rampant sleaze and pervasive pillage of the Nigerian commonwealth. Findings show that investigative journalism is bogged by a welter of socio-cultural and economic factors as well as professional deficits. The ownership of newspapers by politically exposed individuals and near-zero protection for journalists have worked to restrict investigative journalism. These tendencies tend to imperil the watchdog role of the press.

Freedom of Information Act (FoIA) and the Challenges of Investigative Journalism in Nigeria

“…Investigations can attract libel, threat to the integrity and lives of reporters; hence, it requires courage, tact, integrity, resilience, truthfulness, and patience, on the part of the investigative reporter, and/or their media houses. Onyenankeya & Salawu (2020) trace the history of investigative reporting in Nigeria to the 1930s, when the country's nationalists used the media, especially privately-owned newspapers, to fight colonialism. The trend, he said, continued in the 1960s and up until the return of civil rule in 1999 after 29 years of stratocracies.…”

"News Reporting of Injury Prevalence in Football: A Study of Selected Nigerian Online Newspapers"

“…The media are not playinga significant role in investigative journalism. Mostly, the stories covered are episodic, and professional deficits could be one of the contributing factors in this regard (Onyenankeya & Salawu, 2020).…”