On Autonomous Systems: From Reflexive, Imperative and Adaptive Intelligence to Autonomous and Cognitive Intelligence

Wang, Yingxu; Plataniotis, Konstantinos N.; Leung, Henry; Yanushkevich, Svetlana; Karray, Fakhri; Hou, Ming; Howard, Newton; Fiorini, Rodolfo A.; Soda, Paolo; Tunstel, Edward; Wang, Jianmin; Patel, Shushma

doi:10.1109/iccicc46617.2019.9146038

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…An autonomous system seeks to achieve a goal and operates without interferences from a human actor and can exhibit unpredictability and non-deterministic behaviours (adapted from [41]). In a scenario involving remote unmanned BVLOs operations, a fully autonomous robust D&A capability is to be expected to ensure these operations are as safe as manned operations.…”

Section: Understanding Requirements For Autonomy In Uas Quality Assur...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Legal, Regulatory and Practical Aspects Needed to Unlock Autonomous Beyond Visual Line of Sight Unmanned Aircraft Systems Operations

Matalonga

White

Hartmann

et al. 2022

J Intell Robot Syst

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Services that exploit Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are poised to revolutionise the service industry with a projected value of 71 BUSD by the end of the decade. A key enabler of this technology is the unlocking of autonomous Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) operations. BVLOS operations will depend on a robust Detect and Avoid (D&A) capability. Yet, currently in the UK and EU, BVLOS operations are only allowed in specific cases and scenarios. As a result, the technological landscape for the development of robust D&A faces limitations, and there is little market incentive for development. Furthermore, while automated BVLOS is a future technology, a strong D&A capability is of importance now for all types of UAS operations. As the remote pilot has to deal with information overload from the controller device and the environment. These high-risk UAS operations are becoming more common. In this paper, we discuss the current legal framework in the UK making comparisons to EU countries. We make the case that even when an operation abides by the current framework the remote pilot is exposed to several legal liabilities. We review the roadmaps for UAS adoption (including certification processes for UAS-based products) and highlight that for software-intensive systems, key steps are missing to assure the quality of the product. Finally, we build on these findings to set forwards a path to complement future certification processes to enable autonomous based UAS operations to share the airspace with remotely piloted operations.

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Section: Understanding Requirements For Autonomy In Uas Quality Assur...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Legal, Regulatory and Practical Aspects Needed to Unlock Autonomous Beyond Visual Line of Sight Unmanned Aircraft Systems Operations

Matalonga

White

Hartmann

et al. 2022

J Intell Robot Syst

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“…In this paper, we clearly focus on decision-making. The paper [26] explores the intelligence and system foundations of autonomous systems. According to the authors, autonomy aggregates hierarchically from reflexive, imperative and adaptive intelligence.…”

Section: Related and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Doxastic Characterisation of Autonomous Decisive Systems

Rakow¹

2022

Electron. Proc. Theor. Comput. Sci.

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A highly autonomous system (HAS) has to assess the situation it is in and derive beliefs, based on which, it decides what to do next. The beliefs are not solely based on the observations the HAS has made so far, but also on general insights about the world, in which the HAS operates. These insights have either been built in the HAS during design or are provided by trusted sources during its mission. Although its beliefs may be imprecise and might bear flaws, the HAS will have to extrapolate the possible futures in order to evaluate the consequences of its actions and then take its decisions autonomously. In this paper, we formalize an autonomous decisive system as a system that always chooses actions that it currently believes are the best. We show that it can be checked whether an autonomous decisive system can be built given an application domain, the dynamically changing knowledge base and a list of LTL mission goals. We moreover can synthesize a belief formation for an autonomous decisive system. For the formal characterization, we use a doxastic framework for safety-critical HASs where the belief formation supports the HAS's extrapolation.

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“…6 These fundamental problems require basic research on formal models of cognitive maps for robots in order to enable them to aware and manipulate the layout of the dynamic workplace and the positions of peers and human operators. [24][25][26]…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the challenging problems in this field may still stuck at: (1) What is a rigorous representation of the cognitive map of paths for robot cognition and applications; and (2) How may a cognitive robot mimic humans to solve the PFO problem 6 . These fundamental problems require basic research on formal models of cognitive maps for robots in order to enable them to aware and manipulate the layout of the dynamic workplace and the positions of peers and human operators 24–26 …”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic cognitive maps for robot route planning in complex workplaces represented by abstract mazes

Huang

2022

Concurrency and Computation

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Adaptive path planning and optimization for robots are a persistent challenge due to the lack of a cognitive map of the complex and dynamic environments. This paper presents a cognitive‐map‐based method for dynamic robot path planning by a formal maze model for workplace layouts representation. The maze model and global path trees provide a cognitive map for the robot to aware the environment. A theory of dynamic Paths Finding and Optimization (PFO) is developed. Powered by the PFO algorithm, a robot is able to autonomously explore the optimal path in a complex workplace by a single sight‐read of its layout. The maze based PFO methodology provides robot for an efficient real time path cognition and optimization algorithm for dealing with dynamic workplaces. A set of experiments demonstrates the efficiency of the method, which extends traditional stepwise robot vision technologies to cognitive‐map‐driven global path optimization.

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On Autonomous Systems: From Reflexive, Imperative and Adaptive Intelligence to Autonomous and Cognitive Intelligence

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

A Review of the Legal, Regulatory and Practical Aspects Needed to Unlock Autonomous Beyond Visual Line of Sight Unmanned Aircraft Systems Operations

A Review of the Legal, Regulatory and Practical Aspects Needed to Unlock Autonomous Beyond Visual Line of Sight Unmanned Aircraft Systems Operations

A Doxastic Characterisation of Autonomous Decisive Systems

Dynamic cognitive maps for robot route planning in complex workplaces represented by abstract mazes

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