On and Off-Blockchain Enforcement of Smart Contracts

Molina-Jiménez, Carlos; Solaiman, Ellis; Sfyrakis, Ioannis; Ng, Irene C. L.; Crowcroft, Jon

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-10549-5_27

Cited by 27 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The aim of the SLA-based broker system is to receive the generated machine-readable SLA (SLA offers and SLA requests), and find the best candidate that matches user requirements as a step for automating service provider selection. We are also in the initial stages of investigating the development of an IoT monitoring platform that makes use of novel Blockchain and Smart Contract technology [26] [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

End-to-End Service Level Agreement Specification for IoT Applications

Alqahtani

Patel

et al. 2018

2018 International Conference on High Performance Computing &Amp; Simulation (HPCS)

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The Internet of Things (IoT) promises to help solve a wide range of issues that relate to our wellbeing within application domains that include smart cities, healthcare monitoring, and environmental monitoring. IoT is bringing new wireless sensor use cases by taking advantage of the computing power and flexibility provided by Edge and Cloud Computing. However, the software and hardware resources used within such applications must perform correctly and optimally. Especially in applications where a failure of resources can be critical. Service Level Agreements (SLA) where the performance requirements of such applications are defined, need to be specified in a standard way that reflects the end-to-end nature of IoT application domains, accounting for the Quality of Service (QoS) metrics within every layer including the Edge, Network Gateways, and Cloud. In this paper, we propose a conceptual model that captures the key entities of an SLA and their relationships, as a prior step for end-to-end SLA specification and composition. Service level objective (SLO) terms are also considered to express the QoS constraints. Moreover, we propose a new SLA grammar which considers workflow activities and the multi-layered nature of IoT applications. Accordingly, we develop a tool for SLA specification and composition that can be used as a template to generate SLAs in a machine-readable format. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed specification language through a literature survey that includes an SLA language comparison analysis, and via reflecting the user satisfaction results of a usability study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

End-to-End Service Level Agreement Specification for IoT Applications

Alqahtani

Patel

et al. 2018

2018 International Conference on High Performance Computing &Amp; Simulation (HPCS)

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“…There are proposals in the literature (most prominently, [14]) to use blockchain as access control platform to ensure the privacy of data. In [15], the authors mentioned some of the technical challenges present in the proposals adopting blockchain as part of their solutions. We proposed [2] a usable blockchain-based model for data sharing in the scientific research domain which addresses these challenges.…”

Section: A Blockchain-based Research Data Sharing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

User Acceptance of Usable Blockchain-Based Research Data Sharing System: An Extended TAM-Based Study

Shrestha

Vassileva

2019

2019 First IEEE International Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Intelligent Systems and Applications (TPS-ISA)

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Blockchain technology has evolved as a promising means to transform data management models in many domains including healthcare, agricultural research, tourism domains etc. In the research community, a usable blockchain-based system can allow users to create a proof of ownership and provenance of the research work, share research data without losing control and ownership of it, provide incentives for sharing and give users full transparency and control over who access their data, when and for what purpose. The initial adoption of such blockchain-based systems is necessary for continued use of the services, but their user acceptance behavioral model has not been well investigated in the literature. In this paper, we take the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a foundation and extend the external constructs to uncover how the perceived ease of use, perceived usability, quality of the system and perceived enjoyment influence the intention to use the blockchain-based system. We based our study on user evaluation of a prototype of a blockchain-based research data sharing framework using a TAM validated questionnaire. Our results show that, overall, all the individual constructs of the behavior model significantly influence the intention to use the system while their collective effect is found to be insignificant. The quality of the system and the perceived enjoyment have stronger influence on the perceived usefulness. However, the effect of perceived ease of use on the perceived usefulness is not supported. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings. Keywords-TAM, behavior model, blockchain, smart contract, data sharing, privacy, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, quality of system, perceived enjoyment, behavioral Intention

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“…The challenge for the developer is to select a suitable architecture and technology for implementation. As discussed in [18], there are several approaches to smart contract implementations:…”

Section: Implementation Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As explained in [18], the alternatives discussed in Section III offer different QoS attributes (for example, scalability, privacy, consensus latency, transaction fees) that render them suitable for some applications but unsuitable for others. There exist applications whose requirements are only met by the hybrid approach.…”

Section: Hybrid Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementation of Smart Contracts Using Hybrid Architectures with On and Off–Blockchain Components

Molina-Jiménez

Sfyrakis

Solaiman

et al. 2018

2018 IEEE 8th International Symposium on Cloud and Service Computing (SC2)

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Recently, decentralised (on-blockchain) platforms have emerged to complement centralised (off-blockchain) platforms for the implementation of automated, digital ("smart") contracts. However, neither alternative can individually satisfy the requirements of a large class of applications. On-blockchain platforms suffer from scalability, performance, transaction costs and other limitations. Off-blockchain platforms are afflicted by drawbacks due to their dependence on single trusted third parties. We argue that in several application areas, hybrid platforms composed from the integration of on-and off-blockchain platforms are more able to support smart contracts that deliver the desired quality of service (QoS). Hybrid architectures are largely unexplored. To help cover the gap, in this paper we discuss the implementation of smart contracts on hybrid architectures. As a proof of concept, we show how a smart contract can be split and executed partially on an off-blockchain contract compliance checker and partially on the Rinkeby Ethereum network. To test the solution, we expose it to sequences of contractual operations generated mechanically by a contract validator tool.

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On and Off-Blockchain Enforcement of Smart Contracts

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

End-to-End Service Level Agreement Specification for IoT Applications

End-to-End Service Level Agreement Specification for IoT Applications

User Acceptance of Usable Blockchain-Based Research Data Sharing System: An Extended TAM-Based Study

Implementation of Smart Contracts Using Hybrid Architectures with On and Off–Blockchain Components

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