On a Remarkably Branched Syllis, dredged by H.M.S. ‘Challenger.’

M'Intosh, William Carmichael

doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1879.tb02356.x

Cited by 11 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Species of Parahaplosyllis , Trypanedenta and Trypanosyllis can stolonize by collateral budding (Figure D–E) (stolons are projected in different directions from a specific segment). Additionally, a branching gemmiparity was reported for Syllis ramosa (McIntosh, ) and Ramisyllis multicaudata (Glasby, Schroeder, & Aguado, ) (Figure F). The body of these species is clearly ramified consisting of several branches and each terminal branch has a pygidium (Aguado, Glasby et al., ; Glasby et al., ; Schroeder, Aguado, Malpartida, & Glasby, ).…”

Section: Regeneration and Sexual Reproduction In Syllidaementioning

confidence: 64%

Regeneration mechanisms in Syllidae (Annelida)

2018

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Syllidae is one of the most species‐rich groups within Annelida, with a wide variety of reproductive modes and different regenerative processes. Syllids have striking ability to regenerate their body anteriorly and posteriorly, which in many species is redeployed during sexual (schizogamy) and asexual (fission) reproduction. This review summarizes the available data on regeneration in syllids, covering descriptions of regenerative mechanisms in different species as well as regeneration in relation to reproductive modes. Our survey shows that posterior regeneration is widely distributed in syllids, whereas anterior regeneration is limited in most of the species, excepting those reproducing by fission. The latter reproductive mode is well known for a few species belonging to Autolytinae, Eusyllinae, and Syllinae. Patterns of fission areas have been studied in these animals. Deviations of the regular regeneration pattern or aberrant forms such as bifurcated animals or individuals with multiple heads have been reported for several species. Some of these aberrations show a deviation of the bilateral symmetry and antero‐posterior axis, which, interestingly, can also be observed in the regular branching body pattern of some species of syllids.

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Section: Regeneration and Sexual Reproduction In Syllidaementioning

confidence: 64%

Regeneration mechanisms in Syllidae (Annelida)

2018

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“…In Ramisyllis , branches occur asymmetrically and laterally from the A-P main axis. The reproductive mode of R. multicaudata and S. ramosa could be also considered a particular type of gemmiparity, since they are able to produce several stolons simultaneously; at the tip of terminal branches of its body 18 19 20 ( Figs 1 F and 2 A,B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Remarkably, within Syllinae, two species have been described with a morphology that makes them unique among all so far ~20,000 described annelids: Ramisyllis multicaudata Glasby, Schroeder and Aguado, 2012 and Syllis ramosa McIntosh, 1879. These animals are the only two branching annelids 18 19 20 and they live in strict symbiosis within sponges ( Fig. 2A,B ).…”

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confidence: 99%

The making of a branching annelid: an analysis of complete mitochondrial genome and ribosomal data of Ramisyllis multicaudata

Aguado

Glasby²,

Schroeder

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Ramisyllis multicaudata is a member of Syllidae (Annelida, Errantia, Phyllodocida) with a remarkable branching body plan. Using a next-generation sequencing approach, the complete mitochondrial genomes of R. multicaudata and Trypanobia sp. are sequenced and analysed, representing the first ones from Syllidae. The gene order in these two syllids does not follow the order proposed as the putative ground pattern in Errantia. The phylogenetic relationships of R. multicaudata are discerned using a phylogenetic approach with the nuclear 18S and the mitochondrial 16S and cox1 genes. Ramisyllis multicaudata is the sister group of a clade containing Trypanobia species. Both genera, Ramisyllis and Trypanobia, together with Parahaplosyllis, Trypanosyllis, Eurysyllis, and Xenosyllis are located in a long branched clade. The long branches are explained by an accelerated mutational rate in the 18S rRNA gene. Using a phylogenetic backbone, we propose a scenario in which the postembryonic addition of segments that occurs in most syllids, their huge diversity of reproductive modes, and their ability to regenerate lost parts, in combination, have provided an evolutionary basis to develop a new branching body pattern as realised in Ramisyllis.

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“…The species also exhibits ‘segmental asymmetry’ in some parts of the body due to the different-length paired dorsal cirri of each segment (explained further in Results); although the branching asymmetry can be explained by cohabiting with an asymmetrical host, reasons for the segmental asymmetry are not so clear. The only other branching annelid, the deep water species Syllis ramosa McIntosh, 1879, exhibits the same two types of asymmetry; it differs most notably from R. multicaudata in parapodial morphology, shape of non-natatory chaetae, and in the branching process. In the former, branching is initiated by segment addition at a parapodium, whereas in the latter segments are added from a region between the parapodia (Glasby et al , 2012), suggesting a slightly different position of the segment addition zones (SAZ) in each species (Aguado et al , 2015a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New observations on reproduction in the branching polychaetes Ramisyllis multicaudata and Syllis ramosa (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae)

Schroeder

Aguado

Malpartida³

et al. 2017

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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Reproduction in the shallow-water, sponge-dwelling, branching syllid Ramisyllis multicaudata exhibits several features unique among syllids and among annelids in general. We describe and illustrate the segmental asymmetry which intervenes between regions of symmetry, only found in branching annelids. We describe the morphology of the stolons and of the stolon stalks, which are unique to branching syllids but differ in detail from those of the other known branching syllid, Syllis ramosa. We also illustrate newly found paddle-shaped chaetae, which might indicate that these stolons do swim. We list the number of branch points and termini in an effort to gauge the extent of branching in a worm contained in a small sponge. The species appears to have separate sexes, but this cannot be proven. We compare R. multicaudata and S. ramosa as originally described and find new morphological differences between the branching syllid from Japan described as S. ramosa and R. multicaudata. We also compare the known stolons of branching syllids to those of other genera of the ‘ribbon clade’, a group including Trypanobia and Trypanosyllis, now known to be close relatives of R. multicaudata. Ramisyllis multicaudata is the first member of the ribbon clade, and one of few Syllinae, known to have sexually dimorphic stolons.

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On a Remarkably Branched Syllis, dredged by H.M.S. ‘Challenger.’

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Regeneration mechanisms in Syllidae (Annelida)

Regeneration mechanisms in Syllidae (Annelida)

The making of a branching annelid: an analysis of complete mitochondrial genome and ribosomal data of Ramisyllis multicaudata

New observations on reproduction in the branching polychaetes Ramisyllis multicaudata and Syllis ramosa (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae)

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