New observations on reproduction in the branching polychaetes <i>Ramisyllis multicaudata</i> and <i>Syllis ramosa</i> (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae)

Schroeder, Paul C.; Aguado, M. Teresa; Malpartida, Allyson; Glasby, Christopher J.

doi:10.1017/s002531541700039x

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Additionally, a branching gemmiparity was reported for Syllis ramosa (McIntosh, ) and Ramisyllis multicaudata (Glasby, Schroeder, & Aguado, ) (Figure F). The body of these species is clearly ramified consisting of several branches and each terminal branch has a pygidium (Aguado, Glasby et al., ; Glasby et al., ; Schroeder, Aguado, Malpartida, & Glasby, ). These species develop stolons in the posterior end of different terminal branches (Aguado, Glasby et al., ; Glasby et al., ).…”

Section: Regeneration and Sexual Reproduction In Syllidaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ramisyllis multicaudata Glasby et al, 2015;Glasby et al, 2012;Schroeder et al, 2017 Syllis amica Schizogamy 5 70 4 9 70 20 Boilly, 1962aBoilly, , 1962bBoilly, , 1965aBoilly, , 1965bBoilly, , 1967aBoilly, , 1967bBoilly, , 1967cBoilly, , 1967dDurchon, 1951;Verguer-Bocquet, 1979 Syllis armillaris Malaquin, 1893;Saint-Joseph, 1886 Syllis gracilis Schizogamy 8 − 18 − − 8 Boilly & Thibaut, 1974;Mesnil, 1901; Syllis hyalina Malaquin, 1893;Durchon, 1959 Syllis prolifera Schizogamy 35 40 0 7? − 18 Franke, 1980Franke, , 1983Franke, , 1986Franke & Pfannenstiel, 1984 Syllis rosea Andrews, 1892;Langerhans, 1879;Malaquin, 1893;Saint-Joseph, 1886 Syllis vittata Durchon, 1959;Michel, 1909b Trypanosyllis krohnii Marion & Bobretzky, 1875;Michel, 1909a Trypanosyllis zebra Schizogamy − 4 5 − − 24 Delye, 1962;Junqua, 1957;Michel, 1909b Typosyllis Table 2).…”

Section: Eusyllis Blomstrandiunclassified

“…Modified fromAllen (1923). All modified figures are in the public domainGlasby et al, 2012;Schroeder, Aguado, Malpartida, & Glasby, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Regeneration mechanisms in Syllidae (Annelida)

2018

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Syllidae is one of the most species‐rich groups within Annelida, with a wide variety of reproductive modes and different regenerative processes. Syllids have striking ability to regenerate their body anteriorly and posteriorly, which in many species is redeployed during sexual (schizogamy) and asexual (fission) reproduction. This review summarizes the available data on regeneration in syllids, covering descriptions of regenerative mechanisms in different species as well as regeneration in relation to reproductive modes. Our survey shows that posterior regeneration is widely distributed in syllids, whereas anterior regeneration is limited in most of the species, excepting those reproducing by fission. The latter reproductive mode is well known for a few species belonging to Autolytinae, Eusyllinae, and Syllinae. Patterns of fission areas have been studied in these animals. Deviations of the regular regeneration pattern or aberrant forms such as bifurcated animals or individuals with multiple heads have been reported for several species. Some of these aberrations show a deviation of the bilateral symmetry and antero‐posterior axis, which, interestingly, can also be observed in the regular branching body pattern of some species of syllids.

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Section: Regeneration and Sexual Reproduction In Syllidaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eusyllis Blomstrandiunclassified

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Regeneration mechanisms in Syllidae (Annelida)

2018

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“…Externally, adults of both species are characterized by a dendriform body; a more or less circular cross-section; an alternating size pattern of the dorsal cirri most pronounced in the mid-and posterior-body; and the presence of a single type of simple, tomahawk-shaped chaetae (Glasby et al, 2012;McIntosh, 1879McIntosh, , 1885. Like many other syllids, the reproduction of S. ramosa and R. multicaudata is mediated by intermediate forms called stolons (Glasby et al, 2012;McIntosh, 1879McIntosh, , 1885Okada, 1937;Read, 2001;Schroeder et al, 2017). Stolons are independent reproductive units that are formed at the posterior end of the body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative anatomical study of the branched annelid Ramisyllis multicaudata (Annelida, Syllidae)

Ponz‐Segrelles

Glasby²,

Helm

et al. 2021

Journal of Morphology

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The sponge‐dwelling Syllidae Ramisyllis multicaudata and Syllis ramosa are the only annelid species for which a branched body with one head and multiple posterior ends is known. In these species, the head is located deep within the sponge, and the branches extend through the canal system of their host. The morphology of these creatures has captivated annelid biologists since they were first discovered in the late XIXth century, and their external characteristics have been well documented. However, how their branched bodies fit within their symbiotic host sponges and how branches translate into internal anatomy has not been documented before. These features are crucially relevant for understanding the body of these animals, and therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate these aspects. In order to assess these questions, live observation, as wells as histology, immunohistochemistry, micro‐computed tomography, and transmission electron microscopy techniques were used on specimens of R. multicaudata. By using these techniques, we show that the complex body of R. multicaudata specimens extends greatly through the canal system of their host sponges. We demonstrate that iterative external bifurcation of the body is accompanied by the bifurcation of the longitudinal organ systems that are characteristic of annelids. Additionally, we also highlight that the bifurcation process leaves an unmistakable fingerprint in the form of newly‐described “muscle bridges.” These structures theoretically allow one to distinguish original and derived branches at each bifurcation. Last, we characterize some of the internal anatomical features of the stolons (reproductive units) of R. multicaudata, particularly their nervous system. Here, we provide the first study of the internal anatomy of a branched annelid. This information is not only crucial to deepen our understanding of these animals and their biology, but it will also be key to inform future studies that try to explain how this morphology evolved.

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“…(2012), schizogamy is a derived condition from epigamy, appearing twice independently in the evolutionary history of the family. Syllids are mostly gonochoric and usually lack an evident sexual dimorphism in both atokous and epitokous individuals, apart from the Autolytinae whose male stolons are usually distinguishable from the female ones (San Martín, 2003) and a unique case among the Syllinae represented by Ramisyllis multicaudata , described to have sexually dimorphic stolons (Schroeder et al ., 2017). The suppression of epitoky is often associated with hermaphroditism (Garwood, 1991; Buhrmann et al ., 1996; Giangrande, 1997; Kuper & Westheide, 1997) and external gestation (Mastrodonato et al ., 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atypical reproduction in a syllid worm: the stolon ofSyllis rosea(Annelida, Syllidae) takes care of its offspring

et al. 2020

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The family Syllidae, aside from representing the most species-rich family in Annelida, is characterized by a number of sexual and asexual reproductive strategies. With the exception of a few viviparous species, the subfamily Syllinae is characterized by schizogamous reproduction with pelagic larval stages and without parental care. Laboratory rearing of ripe specimens of Syllis rosea showed a different reproductive strategy, hitherto unknown in this subfamily. While male stolons rapidly degenerated after fertilization, female ones released large eggs in a gelatinous cluster attached to the middle-posterior chaetigers. The gel mass progressively compacted as a cocoon wrapped by the stolon body; 7 days after the deposition the larvae hatched out from the cocoon at the metatrochophore stage and the female stolon died after a few days. After hatching the larvae remained associated to the stolon, and young specimens of S. rosea survived up to the 3-chaetiger stage. Until now cocoon brooding by the stolon has only been reported for some Autolytinae. The production of gelatinous egg masses and parental care are known in basally branching clades within Syllidae, suggesting that this reproduction mode might retain some ancestral features. The scarce knowledge about reproductive cycles in Syllinae does not allow clarification whether this strategy is unique for S. rosea, or it occurs in other congeneric species. Further research is needed to understand possible relationships between sexual reproduction and phylogeny, stolon morphology and its adaptation to parental care, and ultimately between reproductive strategies and ecology.

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New observations on reproduction in the branching polychaetes Ramisyllis multicaudata and Syllis ramosa (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae)

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Regeneration mechanisms in Syllidae (Annelida)

Regeneration mechanisms in Syllidae (Annelida)

Integrative anatomical study of the branched annelid Ramisyllis multicaudata (Annelida, Syllidae)

Atypical reproduction in a syllid worm: the stolon ofSyllis rosea(Annelida, Syllidae) takes care of its offspring

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