“…Other first integrals are known (Llibre & Valls 2011;Tudoran & Gîrban 2012). The relation between the integrability (partial or complete) of a differential system and its having the Painlevé property (PP), i.e., the property that each of its solutions x = x(τ ) has a one-valued continuation to the complex τ -plane (without branch points of any order), is a bit murky.…”
The general solutions of many three-dimensional Lotka-Volterra systems, previously known to be at least partially integrable, are constructed with the aid of special functions. Examples include certain ABC and May-Leonard systems. The special functions used are elliptic and incomplete beta functions. In some cases, the solution is parametric, with the independent and dependent variables expressed as functions of a 'new time' variable. This auxiliary variable satisfies a nonlinear third-order differential equation of a generalized Schwarzian type, and results of Carton-LeBrun on the equations of this type that have the Painlevé property are exploited, so as to produce solutions in closed form. For several especially difficult Lotka-Volterra systems, the solutions are expressed in terms of Painlevé transcendents. An appendix on incomplete beta functions and closed-form expressions for their inverses is included.
“…Other first integrals are known (Llibre & Valls 2011;Tudoran & Gîrban 2012). The relation between the integrability (partial or complete) of a differential system and its having the Painlevé property (PP), i.e., the property that each of its solutions x = x(τ ) has a one-valued continuation to the complex τ -plane (without branch points of any order), is a bit murky.…”
The general solutions of many three-dimensional Lotka-Volterra systems, previously known to be at least partially integrable, are constructed with the aid of special functions. Examples include certain ABC and May-Leonard systems. The special functions used are elliptic and incomplete beta functions. In some cases, the solution is parametric, with the independent and dependent variables expressed as functions of a 'new time' variable. This auxiliary variable satisfies a nonlinear third-order differential equation of a generalized Schwarzian type, and results of Carton-LeBrun on the equations of this type that have the Painlevé property are exploited, so as to produce solutions in closed form. For several especially difficult Lotka-Volterra systems, the solutions are expressed in terms of Painlevé transcendents. An appendix on incomplete beta functions and closed-form expressions for their inverses is included.
“…when such differential systems have first integrals (see for instance [1,2,4,5,6,7,8,17,18,22]),or • in their periodic orbits (see for example [9,10,11,13,16,20,24,25,26]). …”
Section: Introduction and Statement Of The Main Resultsmentioning
“…For a three dimensional Euclidean space, the Hamilton's equation (41) takes the particular formẋ [12,22,23,52,53]. Here, J is the Poisson vector corresponding to the skewsymmetric Poisson tensor [39].…”
Section: Poisson Manifolds In Three Dimensionsmentioning
In this paper, we elucidate the key role played by the cosymplectic geometry in the theory of time dependent Hamiltonian systems in 2D. We generalize the cosymplectic structures to time-dependent Nambu-Poisson Hamiltonian systems and corresponding Jacobi's last multiplier for 3D systems. We illustrate our constructions with various examples.
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