Omentin-1 plasma levels and cholesterol metabolism in obese patients with diabetes mellitus type 1: impact of weight reduction

Abstract

Background:Omentin-1 is an anti-inflammatory adipokine produced preferentially by visceral adipose tissue. Plasma levels of omentin-1 are decreased in obesity and other insulin-resistant states. Insulin resistance contributes to the changes of cholesterol synthesis and absorption as well. The aim of this study was to characterise omentin-1 plasma levels in obese patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 during weight reduction, and to elucidate the relationship between cholesterol metabolism and omentin-1.Methods:Plasma levels of omentin-1 were measured in obese type 1 diabetics (n=14, body mass index >30 kg m−2, age 29–62 years) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BioVendor). Gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector (Fisons Plc.,) was used to measure squalene and non-cholesterol sterols—markers of cholesterol synthesis and absorption (phase I). Measurements were repeated after 1 month (phase II; 1 week of fasting in the hospital setting and 3 weeks on a diet containing 150 g saccharides per day) and after 1 year (phase III) on a diet with 225 g saccharides per day.Results:Omentin-1 plasma levels were stable during phases I and II, but significantly increased (P<0.001) during phase III. Omentin-1 plasma dynamics were significantly associated with plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (P=0.005) and triacylglycerols (P=0.01), as well as with lathosterol (P=0.03).Conclusion:Omentin-1 plasma levels significantly increased during the weight reduction programme. Omentin-1 plasma dynamics suggest a close relationship with cholesterol metabolism.

Impact of 2 Different Hypocaloric Diets on Serum Omentin Levels in Obese Subjects

“…Moreover, omentin-1 levels increased 6 months after laparoscopy sleeve gastrectomy and a continued increase of these levels remained during the 2-year follow-up [12]. Lesna et al [14] reported that omentin-1 levels were stable during an intervention with a hypocaloric diet for 4 weeks. Nevertheless, a significant increase in omentin-1 levels was detected for a further diabetic diet, during 11 months.…”

“…A small number of studies have evaluated these different strategies on serum concentrations of omentin-1 such as bariatric surgery [11][12] and dietary interventions [13][14]. To date, the effects of these treatments that produce weight loss on the level of omentin-1 have been contradictory, showing both elevations and decreases in circulating serum levels.…”

Omentin-1 Changes following Biliopancreatic Diversion and Relationship with Cardiovascular Risk Factors

“…The mean weight loss in this study was only 6 kg. After 6.5 kg of weight loss, Lesna et al [13] reported that omentin-1 levels were stable during an intervention with a hypocaloric diet of 1,200 kcal per day during 4 weeks.…”

“…Few studies have evaluated specifically the effect of bariatric surgery [10][11] on serum concentrations of omentin-1. On the contrary, the results of studies that have evaluated the effect of dietary interventions have shown unclear results [12][13]. In clinical practice with morbid obese subjects, biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) is used and it has shown improvement in insulin resistance and glucose metabolism in obese patients [14].…”

Omentin – a novel biomarker in medicine? (Part 1)

“…Wyciągnięte wnioski sugerowały, że omentyna-1 może aktywować kinazę białkową aktywowaną 5'AMP, która działa jako silny inhibitor syntezy endogennego cholesterolu. Można więc przypuszczać, że omentyna-1 przyczynia się do regulacji syntezy cholesterolu za pośrednictwem poprzez zwiększenie aktywności kinazy białkowej aktywowanej 5'AMP [46]. Anoreksja i otyłość są chorobami metabolicznymi będącymi dwoma skrajnościami.…”