Omega-3-PUFA, Omega-6-PUFA and Mitochondria

Gvozdjáková, A; Pella, Daniel; Kucharská, J; Otsuka, Kuniaki; Singh, Ram B.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6714-3_19

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…(e) The mechanism of action: their principle is to maintain and improve the physiological properties of an organism, and they are used in specific medical conditions with varied effects such as anti-inflammatory (ginger and orange peel extract), antimicrobial, osteoprotective, anti-glycemic/antihypertensive (blueberries), antioxidant (broccoli extracts), and anti-hypercholesterolemic (as the β-glucan contained in oats) [48]; however, in some cases their toxicity, and synergy, or competition are still unknown. This fatty acid has an anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and antithrombotic activity [49]. It is naturally in oily fish, shellfish, grains such as soy, canola, and flaxseed, walnut, to name a few.…”

Section: Nutraceuticals: Classification and Biological Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutraceuticals and Their Contribution to Preventing Noncommunicable Diseases

Garza-Juárez,

Pérez-Carrillo,

Arredondo-Espinoza

et al. 2023

Foods

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The high rate of deaths around the world from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) (70%) is a consequence of a poor diet lacking in nutrients and is linked to lifestyle and environmental conditions that together trigger predisposing factors. NCDs have increased 9.8% of public health spending worldwide, which has been increasing since 2000. Hence, international organizations such as the WHO, the Pan American Health Organization, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations have been developing strategic plans to implement government and economic policies to strengthen programs in favor of food security and nutrition. A systematic review is presented to document an analysis of the origin and characteristics of obesity, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, and cancers affecting a large part of the world’s population. This review proposes a scientifically based report of functional foods including fruits, vegetables, grains, and plants, and how their bioactive compounds called nutraceuticals—when consumed as part of a diet—benefit in the prevention and treatment of NCDs from an early age. Multifactorial aspects of NCDs, such as culture and eating habits, are limitations to consider from the clinical, nutritional, and biochemical points of view of everyone who suffers from them.

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Section: Nutraceuticals: Classification and Biological Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutraceuticals and Their Contribution to Preventing Noncommunicable Diseases

Garza-Juárez,

Pérez-Carrillo,

Arredondo-Espinoza

et al. 2023

Foods

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“…Omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA biosynthetic pathways do not occur in mammals; therefore, mammals must obtain omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs from their diets [5]. Linoleic acid (LA 18: 2 n-6) and α-linolenic acid (ALA 18: 3 n-3) are essential fatty acids that are required for normal growth in mammals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Generation of Transgenic Mice with Fat1 and Fad2 Genes that have their own Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthetic Pathway

Chen

Mei

Zhang

et al. 2013

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background: Microorganisms and higher plants possess their own omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) biosynthetic pathways. The n-6 fatty acid desaturase gene fad-2 codes for the n-6 desaturase enzyme that coverts oleic acid (OA 18:1 n-9) into linoleic acid (LA 18:2 n-6). The n-3 fatty acid desaturase gene fat-1 codes for the n-3 desaturase enzyme that converts n-6 PUFAs into n-3 PUFAs. Mammals lack n-3 and n-6 desaturase enzymes; therefore, they must obtain their omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids by consuming plants or seafood. The beneficial effects of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs on human development and cardiovascular health have been well documented. Methods: Here, we generated fat-1 and fad-2 transgenic mice by introducing mammal expression vectors containing the fat-1 and fad-2 genes via microinjection. Results: Seven transgenic mice were obtained that expressed functional n-3 and n-6 desaturase enzymes. Analysis of the fatty acid contents of transgenic mouse livers revealed that n-6 and n-3 PUFA levels were greatly increased in the transgenic mice compared to wild-type mice. The use ratios of n-9 PUFAs (18:1 n-9) and n-6 PUFAs were both greater in the transgenic mice than in the wild-type controls. Conclusion: These transgenic mice were capable of producing their own omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. They have the same fatty acid metabolic pathways as higher plants and microbes.

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“…Omega 3 and 6 were essential fatty acids that play an important role in the development of the quality of the human brain. Omega 3 and 6 have n-3 and 6 carbon chains in their lipid molecular branches (Gvozdjáková A. 2008).…”

Section: List Of Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal knowledge, attitude and practices on the dietary omega 3 and 6 in children aged 1-2 years old in Labuhanbatu Utara regency, Indonesia

Purba¹

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Background: Indonesia is one of the countries with low quality human resources including the issue on cognitive performances from brain functioning creativity. In the effort to fulfil Omega 3 and 6 in children aged 1-2 years, the most responsible person to the period are mothers. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the level of maternal knowledge, attitude, and practices and factors associated with the dietary omega 3 and 6 consumption in children aged 1-2 years old in Labuhanbatu Utara, Indonesia. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 428 mothers of children aged 1-2 years using a face-to-face interview with a structured questionnaire. A multi-stage sampling was drawn from villages in eight subdistricts of Labura. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were presented for descriptive analysis. Chi-square and Binary logistic regression were used to describe the relationship between the selected independent variables and level of good maternal practices with statistically significant at p-value <0.05.Results: Almost half of participants has good level of knowledge (41.8%). Whereas only 7.2% and 2.3% of all participants have good level of attitude and practice on dietary omega 3 and 6, respectively. Eight variables (Pentecostal-religion, living in urban area, malay-ethnic, sex of subjected children, current breastfeeding, and sources of information, along with a fair level of attitude were significantly associated with the good level of maternal practices on consumption of omega 3 and 6 to the children aged 1-2 years.Conclusion: The study found that many factors were associated with good maternal practices on consumption of dietary omega 3 and 6 among 1-2 years old children in Labuhanbatu Utara, Indonesia. Therefore, further research and intervention focuses on those factors, especially on attitude of the mothers should be considered.

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Omega-3-PUFA, Omega-6-PUFA and Mitochondria

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Nutraceuticals and Their Contribution to Preventing Noncommunicable Diseases

Nutraceuticals and Their Contribution to Preventing Noncommunicable Diseases

The Generation of Transgenic Mice with <b><i>Fat1</i></b> and <b><i>Fad2</i></b> Genes that have their own Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthetic Pathway

Maternal knowledge, attitude and practices on the dietary omega 3 and 6 in children aged 1-2 years old in Labuhanbatu Utara regency, Indonesia

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