Omega-3 fatty acids coordinate glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic patients

Abstract

Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are known to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular and metabolic health. However, whether different sources of n-3 PUFA, for instance fatty fish vs vegetable oils, could elicit different effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, remains to be determined. Herein we examine recent findings showing that while a plant-based n-3 PUFA supplementation for six months can reduce fasting blood glucose, marine-based n-3 PUFA can instead reduce serum levels of triglycerides. We also discuss the potential molecular mechanisms that could underlie these different effects on the regulation of glycolipid metabolism.

Dietary Supplements Potentially Target Plasma Glutathione Levels to Improve Cardiometabolic Health in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

“…Evidence presented in Table 1 shows that patients with T2D and coronary heart disease who received omega-3 fatty acids, at an average dose of 1000 mg twice a day for 3 months, had an improved metabolic profile, including decreasing insulin and hs-CRP concentrations, which were associated with enhancing plasma GSH levels [ 32 ]. It also remains important to determine whether different sources of omega-3 fatty acids, for example comparing fatty fish and vegetable oils, could provoke varied effects on glucose and lipid metabolism [ 68 ]. Available findings show that fish oil supplementation is more effective at reducing triglyceride levels, whilst marine and plant-based omega-3 fatty acids demonstrate more capacity in regulating glycolipid metabolism in patients with T2D [ 69 ].…”

Impact of various dietary fatty acids on amelioration of biomarkers linked to metabolic syndrome in both healthy and diabetic Wistar rats

“…Overall control of lipid peroxidation and cellular oxidation by MUFA and SCFA rich olive oil and corn oil supplementation effectively control the metabolic syndrome associated lipid peroxides and in ammatory cytokine progression. Moreover, dietary recommendations suggest increased consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids [42], polyunsaturated fatty acids [43], and omega-3 fatty acids [44], along with reduced intake of saturated fatty acids [29] and trans fatty acids [44] ameliorate metabolic lipid peroxides generation, oxidative stress and in ammation. Although meta-analyses have indicated that the prevention of insulin resistance, T2D incidence have been associated with vegetable fat intake and, the individual consumption of speci c fatty acids, such as saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, did not demonstrate a signi cant association with the incidence of T2D [43,45].…”

Impact of various dietary lipids on amelioration of biomarkers linked to metabolic syndrome in both healthy and diabetic Wistar rats

“…Olive oil and corn oil supplementation might increase insulin mediated cellular uptake of free fatty acids through FGF-21, further SREBP-1c stimulate mitochondrial oxidation and energy production. Moreover, dietary recommendations suggest increased consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids [ 50 ], polyunsaturated fatty acids [ 51 ], and omega-3 fatty acids [ 52 ], along with reduced intake of saturated fatty acids [ 29 ] and trans fatty acids [ 52 ] ameliorate metabolic lipid peroxides generation, oxidative stress and inflammation. Although meta-analyses have indicated that the prevention of insulin resistance, T2D incidence have been associated with vegetable fat intake and, the individual consumption of specific fatty acids, such as saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, did not demonstrate a significant association with the incidence of T2D [ 51 , 53 ].…”