Oligonucleotides as Recognition and Catalytic Elements

Herold, Keith E.; Rasooly, Avraham

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0919-0_16

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…The diffusion distance d of molecules depends on the diffusion coefficient

and flow time t , and is given by [ 29 ]

Diffusion is a very slow transport mechanism, and even in microchannels, it can take up to several minutes to achieve full mixing, which requires relatively long flow channels [ 29 ]. Mixing can be induced through active mixing methods, such as using actuators [ 30 ], peristaltic pumps [ 31 ], or electro-kinetics [ 32 ].…”

Section: Considered Use Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diffusion distance d of molecules depends on the diffusion coefficient D D and flow time t, and is given by [29] d ≈ 2D D t.…”

Section: Fluid Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diffusion is a very slow transport mechanism, and even in microchannels, it can take up to several minutes to achieve full mixing, which requires relatively long flow channels [29].…”

Section: Fluid Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation of Pressure-Driven and Channel-Based Microfluidics on Different Abstract Levels: A Case Study

Takken

Wille

2022

Sensors

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A microfluidic device, or a Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC), performs lab operations on the microscale through the manipulation of fluids. The design and fabrication of such devices usually is a tedious process, and auxiliary tools, such as simulators, can alleviate the necessary effort for the design process. Simulations of fluids exist in various forms and can be categorized according to how well they represent the underlying physics, into so-called abstraction levels. In this work, we consider simulation approaches in 1D, which are based on analytical solutions of simplified problems, and approaches in 2D and 3D, for which we use two different Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods—namely, the Finite Volume Method (FVM) and the Lattice-Boltzmann Method (LBM). All these methods come with their pros and cons with respect to accuracy and required compute time, but unfortunately, most designers and researchers are not aware of the trade-off that can be made within the broad spectrum of available simulation approaches for microfluidics and end up choosing a simulation approach arbitrarily. We provide an overview of different simulation approaches as well as a case study of their performance to aid designers and researchers in their choice. To this end, we consider three representative use cases of pressure-driven and channel-based microfluidic devices (namely the non-Newtonian flow in a channel, the mixing of two fluids in a channel, and the behavior of droplets in channels). The considerations and evaluations raise the awareness and provide several insights for what simulation approaches can be utilized today when designing corresponding devices (and for what they cannot be utilized yet).

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“…The diffusion distance d of molecules depends on the diffusion coefficient

and flow time t , and is given by [ 29 ]

Section: Considered Use Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diffusion distance d of molecules depends on the diffusion coefficient D D and flow time t, and is given by [29] d ≈ 2D D t.…”

Section: Fluid Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Simulation of Pressure-Driven and Channel-Based Microfluidics on Different Abstract Levels: A Case Study

Takken

Wille

2022

Sensors

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“…These miniaturized devices are usually relatively cheap and highly effective in terms of specificity and sensitivity . Further, microfluidic technology has enabled the performance of a complete analysis on a single miniaturized integrated device, also known as lab-on-chip (LOC). , Microfabrication technologies have been utilized for the construction of miniaturized elements, such as reagent storage, transport, and mixing devices as well as the detection unit. Also, complex miniaturized devices, including interconnected microfluidic networks, valves, mixers, pumps, and reaction chambers, have been successfully produced using microfluidics technology .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Nanomaterials in Microfluidic Sensors for Virus Detection: A Review

Jalal

Mehrbod

Shojaei

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Magnetic nanomaterials (MNMs) have gained great interest from different fields of study ranging from wastewater treatment to (bio)sensor development, taking advantage of both nanoscale size (allowing high surface-to-volume ratios) and the opportunity for magnetic manipulation. These materials can be surface-modified with antibodies, oligonucleotides, and aptamers to enable selective binding with target viruses or their biomarkers in biological samples. Using an external magnetic field, MNM-virus/biomarker complexes can be effectively isolated for further analysis. In some cases, the role of MNMs is not limited to simply serve as magnetic sorbents for extraction purposes as they have become an active part of some emerging detection processes (e.g., the use of magnetoresistive sensors). The combined application of MNMs with microfluidics for virus detection provides promising avenues for diagnostic tests that are of lower cost, require less time, and have higher specificity and sensitivity over conventional tests. This review focuses on the different approaches of virus detection using MNMs integrated in microfluidic chips. We will discuss recent research findings and provide insights and future perspectives for the development of low-cost and effective COVID-19 diagnostics tests.

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“…Material microstructure is a key design element in advanced materials. Microstructure improves a material’s performance for compression, mass and heat transfer, and solar energy conversion efficiency. − Shaping microstructures is also important in biological composites. Natural composites gain unmatched performance by continuously adapting their microstructure to their environment via reaction–diffusion (RD) sequences, a process termed morphogenesis. − RD is the formation of spatial micropatterns by two reactive molecules diffusing at distinct, controlled rates .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Inspired Morphogenesis Using Microvascular Networks and Reaction–Diffusion

et al. 2015

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Microstructure is a critical element of many synthetic materials including materials for separations, heat transfer, and electrical energy storage. Similarly, natural systems employ microstructure for most structural and mass transfer processes. These systems achieve high-levels of performance through continuous, structural remodeling, which enables adaptation and improvement of their raw materials. In contrast, current microfabrication techniques produce static materials that do not adapt. Here, we show a fabrication process inspired by biological systems capable of adaptation. Combining the basic elements of morphogenesis, reaction and diffusion (RD), and a microvascular scaffold, we pattern microstructured materials by balancing the rates of depolymerization and inhibition of that depolymerization with a diffusive agent. As a result, the materials continuously reshape their microstructure and improve their performance. Using this system, we also recapitulate a hallmark of biological structures, formation of asymmetry from symmetric precursors. By mimicking nature's processes rather than its structure, we present a method for microfabrication that improves material performance in response to a selective pressure. ■ INTRODUCTIONMaterial microstructure is a key design element in advanced materials. Microstructure improves a material's performance for compression, mass and heat transfer, and solar energy conversion efficiency. 1−8 Shaping microstructures is also important in biological composites. Natural composites gain unmatched performance by continuously adapting their microstructure to their environment via reaction−diffusion (RD) sequences, a process termed morphogenesis. 9−14 RD is the formation of spatial micropatterns by two reactive molecules diffusing at distinct, controlled rates. 15 During lung development, for example, microstructures are morphed via RD. This action increases the efficiency of gas exchange by changing a micron-scale bud to a half-meter-long, hierarchical composite composed of thousands of identical micron-scale alveoli 16−22 (Figure 1A and B). Current RD-based synthesis of microstructures create elegant patterns 23−27 from microns to millimeters, 25,28−30 but they are not a continuous process, are incapable of adaptation, and are limited to two dimensions. Still lacking in synthetic systems is the dynamic, continuous restructuring of 3D patterns that are the key principle that biological systems use to improve performance.Here, we show a synthetic system that improves microstructure performance through RD-based microstructure change. Inspired by lung morphogenesis, we developed a synthetic depolymerization/inhibition (push/pull) method that remodels microstructures dynamically. Our method selectively improved the mass transfer performance of an experimental microcontactor and allowed us to fabricate asymmetric structures from symmetric precursors. We developed a finite element model using COMSOL to describe the function and results of the process. Microstructures dictate the properti...

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Oligonucleotides as Recognition and Catalytic Elements

Cited by 3 publications

References 195 publications

Simulation of Pressure-Driven and Channel-Based Microfluidics on Different Abstract Levels: A Case Study

Simulation of Pressure-Driven and Channel-Based Microfluidics on Different Abstract Levels: A Case Study

Magnetic Nanomaterials in Microfluidic Sensors for Virus Detection: A Review

Bio-Inspired Morphogenesis Using Microvascular Networks and Reaction–Diffusion

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