Oligomerization of isobutene on sulfated titania: Effect of reaction conditions on selectivity

Mantilla, A.; Tzompantzi, Francisco; Ferrat, G.; López-Ortega, A.; Alfaro, Salvador; Gómez, R.; Torres, M.

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2005.07.153

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The decrease of the conversion at high temperatures can be attributed to the deposition of olefins with high molecular weight during the reaction, which blocked active sites on the catalyst and decreased the catalytic activity [29,8,30] or it might be due to the fact that cracking reactions occurred at higher temperatures and more dimers were generated accordingly to [31]. The total selectivity of dimer products (dimer-1 and dimer-2) decreased with reaction temperature increase.…”

Section: Catalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As olefin dimerization and trimerization are reactions for which the activity and selectivity strongly depend on the catalyst acidity, treat-ment of various oxides with sulfates, tungstates or phosphates has been widely recommended by several authors to modify the acidic properties [5][6][7]. Several solid acid catalysts such as titanium oxide [5,8] and zirconium oxide [6,9,10], heteropoly acid [11], and zeolites [12][13][14] have been suggested for the dimerization and trimerization reaction. In the present work, Saudi kaolinite clay has been treated by sulphuric acid and tested as solid acid catalyst for the oligomerization of isobutene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas Phase Oligomerization of Isobutene over Acid Treated Kaolinite Clay Catalyst

Al-Dhayan

Aouissi

2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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Natural Kaolin Clay was calcined and treated by sulfuric acid. The resulting solid acid catalyst was characterized by FTIR, TGA, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and tested for isobutene oligomerization in a gas phase. The characterization results showed that the acid treated clay underwent chemical and structural transformations. After acid treatment, the Si/Al ratio was increased, and the crystalline raw clay became amorphous. The effects of various parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time and contact time on isobutene oligomerization were investigated. Catalytic tests showed that isobutene oligomerization led to dimers and trimers as major products. Tetramers were obtained as byproducts. At relatively high reaction temperatures and long contact times, the conversion was enhanced while the selectivity of dimers was decreased in favor of higher oligomers.

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Section: Catalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Phase Oligomerization of Isobutene over Acid Treated Kaolinite Clay Catalyst

Al-Dhayan

Aouissi

2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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“…For example, zeolite b appeared remarkable performance with the selectivity of trimers higher than 50% up to 100 h at high iso-butene weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 10 h -1 ; in addition, the deactivated catalyst could be regenerated easily by calcining in flowing air [3]. Mantilla et al [6,7] found that sulfated TiO 2 catalyst prepared by in-situ sulfation exhibited 100% conversion of iso-butene with ca. 80% selectivity of trimers during the initial 40 h on stream.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Trimerization of Butene over Ni-doped Zeolite Catalyst: Effect of Textural and Acidic Properties

et al. 2008

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The amount of acid sites on external surface and L/B ratio of the zeolite catalysts are close relative to the catalytic performance of the catalysts in butene trimerization. The doping of Ni into the zeolite modifies the textural and acidic properties of the catalyst. NiHb(32) exhibits the highest catalytic performance and the lowest apparent activity energy in butene trimerization among the investigated catalysts, due to the reason that it has the proper amount of acid sites on external surface and the proper L/B ratio.

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“…Nevertheless, the trimerization of isobutene has not received adequate attention in comparison with the dimerization of olefins [6][7][8][9]. Several solid acid catalysts such as sulfated titanias [1,10,11], cation exchange resins [2,12], heteropoly acids [13], zirconias [14,15] and zeolites [16,17] have been investigated for the trimerization reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trimerization of Isobutene Over Solid Acid Catalysts

Jhung

Chang

2009

Catal Surv Asia

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Oligomerization of isobutene is a very promising reaction not only for the production of isobutene oligomers such as trimers but also for the separation of isobutene from C 4 mixtures. Several solid acid catalysts have been applied for the continuous oligomerization of isobutene in liquid phase. This review analyzes the trimerization of isobutene over various solid acid catalysts such as zeolites, oxides (zirconias and titanias) and acid resins. Trimers selectivity increases with increasing isobutene conversion, irrespective of catalysts such as zeolites and acid resins. Very stable operation with high trimers selectivity is accomplished with WO x /ZrO 2 catalyst having tetragonal zirconia or various zeolite catalysts with high Lewis acid site-to-Brønsted acid site ratio (LA/BA ratio). For a good performance, acid resins should be macroporous and strong acid (sulphonic acid group) with high acid concentration. Inorganic catalysts are superior to acid resins because the deactivated inorganic materials can be regenerated by simple calcination. The WO x /ZrO 2 catalyst may be applied to a commercial process because about several thousand tons of isobutene can be oligomerized per one ton of zirconia catalyst in a catalytic cycle without regeneration. The oligomerization of isobutene may be improved further because the reaction has been started only recently and no research has been done for the optimization of the reaction and catalysts. It is expected to develop a new inorganic catalyst having suitable acidity, LA/BA ratio and phase, etc. by further research. The isobutene trimers, with or without hydrogenation, may be used for various purposes, and the importance of this trimerization reaction will be increased considering the expected surplus of isobutene due to the banned use of methyl-tert-butyl ether.

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Oligomerization of isobutene on sulfated titania: Effect of reaction conditions on selectivity

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

Gas Phase Oligomerization of Isobutene over Acid Treated Kaolinite Clay Catalyst

Gas Phase Oligomerization of Isobutene over Acid Treated Kaolinite Clay Catalyst

Trimerization of Butene over Ni-doped Zeolite Catalyst: Effect of Textural and Acidic Properties

Trimerization of Isobutene Over Solid Acid Catalysts

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