Trimerization of Butene over Ni-doped Zeolite Catalyst: Effect of Textural and Acidic Properties

Abstract

The amount of acid sites on external surface and L/B ratio of the zeolite catalysts are close relative to the catalytic performance of the catalysts in butene trimerization. The doping of Ni into the zeolite modifies the textural and acidic properties of the catalyst. NiHb(32) exhibits the highest catalytic performance and the lowest apparent activity energy in butene trimerization among the investigated catalysts, due to the reason that it has the proper amount of acid sites on external surface and the proper L/B ratio.

Mesostructured Catalysts Based on the BEA Topology for Olefin Oligomerisation

“…[33,34] Zeolites and zeotypesa re particularly promising versatile, crystalline, microporousm aterials which may withstand the catalytic reaction conditions and catalystr egeneration treatments (e.g.,t ob urn off coke). [28,35] However,zeolites possessm icroporous structures which may lead to important steric constraintsa nd diffusion limitations of relatively bulky oligomer products from the micropores to the fluid bulk, causing pore blockagea nd consequently catalystd eactivation. [28,35] However,zeolites possessm icroporous structures which may lead to important steric constraintsa nd diffusion limitations of relatively bulky oligomer products from the micropores to the fluid bulk, causing pore blockagea nd consequently catalystd eactivation.…”

“…However,t he use of catalyst nanoparticles in catalytic processes may present several environmental and technical drawbacks, such as high pressure drops, cloggingo fe quipment, and difficult catalyst separation/recovery. [35,[39][40][41][42] Regardingt he soft-templating methods, an interesting approachw as developed more recently,w hich consists of using an appropriate dual-function template containing simultaneously micropore-directing multiammonium heads and mesopore-directing alkyl tails (avoiding phases separation). The porousm atrices should be preferably inorganic, possess high surfacea rea, defined pore-size distributions and should be prepared through relatively low-cost routes.…”

“…Zeolites with BEA topology may present high commercial potential;i tw as demonstrated their relatively high oligomerisation activity,s electivity to C 12 + products (in the diesel range) and somewhat enhanced stability. [28,35] However,zeolites possessm icroporous structures which may lead to important steric constraintsa nd diffusion limitations of relatively bulky oligomer products from the micropores to the fluid bulk, causing pore blockagea nd consequently catalystd eactivation. [30,35] Comparative studies reported in the literature indicated that increasing the pore sizes of the catalysts may positivelyi nfluence the catalysts tability,a sd emonstrated for ordered mesoporousa luminosilicates( OMAS),f or example, MCM-41.…”

“…[28,35] However,zeolites possessm icroporous structures which may lead to important steric constraintsa nd diffusion limitations of relatively bulky oligomer products from the micropores to the fluid bulk, causing pore blockagea nd consequently catalystd eactivation. [30,35] Comparative studies reported in the literature indicated that increasing the pore sizes of the catalysts may positivelyi nfluence the catalysts tability,a sd emonstrated for ordered mesoporousa luminosilicates( OMAS),f or example, MCM-41. [29] However,O MAS tend to be less active than zeolites, partly owing to the fact that they possess amorphous pore walls and relatively weako verall acidity.…”

“…[41] Other materials-science strategies involvei ntroducing mesoporosityt hrough post-synthesis techniques such as desilication and dealumination (destructive techniques) or direct hydrothermal synthesis using hard or soft templates (constructive techniques). [35,[39][40][41][42] Regardingt he soft-templating methods, an interesting approachw as developed more recently,w hich consists of using an appropriate dual-function template containing simultaneously micropore-directing multiammonium heads and mesopore-directing alkyl tails (avoiding phases separation). [46,47] In the present work, mesostructured materials based on the BEA topology were explored for the oligomerisation of 1-butene, under high pressure and continuous-flowo peration.…”