Olfactory responses of the parasitoidDiaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) to odor of plants, aphids, and plant-aphid complexes

Reed, Hal C.; Tan, Soon Huat; Haapanen, K.; Killmon, M.; Reed, D. K.; Elliott, Norman C.

doi:10.1007/bf02036738

Cited by 66 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Diaeretiella rapae could be considered as a good candidate for IPM programs because it is a specialist of cruciferous crops and could be particularly efficient in detecting Brassica plants infested by aphids (Read et al 1970;Reed et al 1995). Moreover, it was shown in a recent study that this aphid parasitoid was able to limit aphid population growth in Brassica fields when mummies were released (Zhang and Hassan 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Parasitism of canola aphids in France in autumn

et al. 2006

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In light of a recent increase in the aphid populations on young canola (Brassica napus) in autumn in Northwestern Europe, we carried out a survey of their parasitoid species during this season. The study was done in France from 1998 to 2001 using different sampling methods. Results highlighted the presence of two main species of Aphidiinae, Aphidius matricariae and Diaeretiella rapae (and to a lesser extent Aphidius ervi) on Myzus persicae, and of D. rapae on Brevicoryne brassicae. Nine other Aphidiinae species were found occasionally as well as some Aphelinidae parasitoids and hyperparasitoids. There was no difference in parasitoid species pattern between fields in Northern and Southern France. The principal parasitoid species found in the fields were reared in the laboratory to confirm their ability to develop on the canola aphids. Aphidius matricariae and D. rapae were reared successfully on M. persicae, but a low parasitism rate was obtained for A. ervi on this aphid. This study showed that A. matricariae and D. rapae could develop on aphids on canola and that they are present naturally in canola in autumn. However, the parasitism rate is low in autumn, so the options could be the use of these parasitoids in augmentative release biological control programs or in an IPM project on canola fields during this time of the year.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Parasitism of canola aphids in France in autumn

et al. 2006

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“…Parasitoids go through a series of behavioral responses to parasitize their hosts: (1) host habitat Wnding, (2) host Wnding, (Guerrieri et al 1993;Reed et al 1995;Wyckhuys and Heimpel 2007), but use synomones to locate aphid-infested plants (Du et al 1998;Battaglia et al 2000). MPWC odors were attractive to variable degree to D. rapae, A. matricariae and A. ervi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Plant characteristics mediated by growing conditions can impact parasitoid’s ability to attack host aphids in winter canola

Desneux¹,

Ramírez-Romero

2009

J Pest Sci

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Winter canola (Brassica napus) is an important crop in various parts of the world. It is planted in fall, vernalized during winter and oVers higher yields than spring canola. One of the key aphid pests of this crop is Myzus persicae Sulzer (Homoptera: Aphididae). Recent surveys in Europe showed that M. persicae in winter canola is parasitized by Aphidius matricariae and Diaeretiella rapae, but not by other aphidiine parasitoid species known to attack M. persicae in other crops. During vernalization, winter canola plants acclimatize to survive speciWc climatic conditions of winter, e.g. through the formation of epicuticular waxes on leaves. These waxes could aVect eYciency on natural enemies. In this study, we characterized (1) the ability of aphidiine parasitoids to locate and attack M. persicae on winter canola, and (2) how plant vernalization inXuences parasitoid ability to attack suitable hosts. In the laboratory, the ability of A. ervi, A. matricariae and D. rapae to orient toward odors of the M. persicae-winter canola complex was studied in an olfactometer, as well as their ability to attack M. persicae on winter canola. In addition, the impact of plant species and plant vernalization on the ability of A. colemani to attack and locate M. persicae was evaluated. The results show that A. matricariae and D. rapae readily locate and attack M. persicae on winter canola as does A. ervi, albeit to lesser extent. Aphidius colemani shows low ability to parasitize M. persicae on this plant species. Vernalization of canola is an important factor mediating the ability of A. colemani to attack M. persicae and it likely results from the presence of Brassica's waxes that reduce parasitoid mobility and impact foraging behavior. These results show that aphid parasitoids diVer in their ability to locate and attack M. persicae on winter canola, the latter being a function of parasitoids' capacity to cope with plant characteristics that are mediated by growing conditions.

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“…maize (Turlings et al 1991). Plant volatiles are known to play an important role as host finding synomones for aphid parasitoids (Wickremansinghe & van Emden 1992;Grasswitz & Paine 1993;Guerrieri et al 1993;Micha 1995;Micha & Wyss 1995;Reed et al 1995). Therefore, the attraction of aphid parasitoids to this chemical stimulus cannot be exclusively attributed to the EBF production by the aphids.…”

Section: Animals Testedmentioning

confidence: 95%

Aphid alarm pheromone (E)-?-farnesene: A host finding kairomone for the aphid primary parasitoidAphidius uzbekistanicus (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae)

Micha

Wyss

1996

Chemoecology

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Summary. The present study aimed to test the possible function of the aphid alarm pheromone (E)-/?-farnesene (EBF) as a host finding kairomone for aphid primary parasitoids. Extracts of volatile emissions of undisturbed aphids and of aphids under parasitoid attack were obtained by air entrainment. Extracts of cornicle secretions were gained by disturbing aphids and taking their secretions into solution. Extracts were compared by gas chromatography. Only air entrainments of aphids under attack and solvent extracts of cornicle secretions contained the alarm pheromone. In Ytube olfactometer bioassays, female A. uzbekistanicus were attracted to aphid groups under attack of parasitoids, presumably by released EBF. High concentrations of synthetic EBF (1.4 gg to 5.7 gg) also attracted A. uzbekistanicus females. Females with oviposition experience reacted more readily to lower concentrations of EBF than females without experience. In experiments designed as Petri-dish bioassays, the test animals could contact filter paper discs that were treated with solutions containing EBF. Behavioural effects like antennation or stinging attack were not observed. With computer video analysis of parasitoid movements, some effects on A. uzbekistanicus behaviour were detected, again indicating attraction to EBF.As the volatile aphid alarm pheromone attracted A. uzbekistanicus females, it can be concluded that this chemical stimulus acts as a host finding kairomone for this parasitoid species. However, its effect over long distances seems to be limited due to the relatively high concentrations required for reactions. Of two other parasitoid species examined (P. volucre and L. testaceipes) only P. volucre was also significantly attracted to the volatile EBF in the Y-tube olfactometer.

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Olfactory responses of the parasitoidDiaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) to odor of plants, aphids, and plant-aphid complexes

Cited by 66 publications

References 21 publications

Parasitism of canola aphids in France in autumn

Parasitism of canola aphids in France in autumn

Plant characteristics mediated by growing conditions can impact parasitoid’s ability to attack host aphids in winter canola

Aphid alarm pheromone (E)-?-farnesene: A host finding kairomone for the aphid primary parasitoidAphidius uzbekistanicus (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae)

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