Olfactory Response and Molecular Structure

Beets, M. G. J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65126-7_12

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…A general model of the receptive site composition of an olfactory receptor is suggested by these data (others have advanced very similar models, e.g., Beets, 1971;Polak, 1973). A finite number of receptive site types exist in the salamander olfactory epithelium.…”

Section: Simple Modelmentioning

confidence: 75%

Adaptation and cross-adaptation to odor stimulation of olfactory receptors in the tiger salamander.

Baylin¹,

Moulton²

1979

The Journal of General Physiology

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A B S T R A C T We have used the effects of self-and cross-adaptation on the unitary responses of olfactory receptors of the tiger salamander to odor stimulation to investigate the stimulus-specific components of these responses and to provide information about the cross-cell variations in the numbers and numbers of types of constitutent receptive sites. An olfactometer delivered sequential odorous pulses, either juxtaposed or separated by a variable time delay. We used four pairs of odorants judged to be similar within a given pair. The unitary response to the test stimulation relative to that of the conditioning stimulation varied from being unchanged to being completely eliminated. We sometimes observed substantial poststimulus increases in the firing rate following stimulation with juxtaposed odorous pulse. Except in the case of one odorant pair, cross-adaptation occurred both with juxtaposed pulses and with pulses separated in time. With the methyl butyrate/ethyl hutyrate odorant pair, however, statistically significant cross-adaptation appeared only with juxtaposed pulses. We propose a simple model to aid in explaining these phenomena. The experimental observations in conjunction with this model are used to obtain estimates of the maximal and minimal number of receptive site types available for interaction with the chosen odorants.

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Section: Simple Modelmentioning

confidence: 75%

Adaptation and cross-adaptation to odor stimulation of olfactory receptors in the tiger salamander.

Baylin¹,

Moulton²

1979

The Journal of General Physiology

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“…If this is true, a subset of the modules participating in the response to the first stimulus could participate in the response to a second stimulus depending on the degree to which the system defines the stimuli as being "similar." This is analogous to the way that the receptor surface has been hypothesized to generate odor responses (Beets, 1971;Kauer, 1991;Schild, 1988;van Drongelen et al, 1978). That is, several different receptor sites (and thus receptor cells) are activated (even with a unitary, "monomolecular" odorant stimul~us.…”

Section: Voltage-sensitive Dye Observationsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Are there structural and functional modules in the vertebrate olfactory bulb?

Kauer

Cinelli

1993

Microscopy Res & Technique

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A number of different recording methods have shown that odorants elicit patterns of neuronal activity widely distributed across cells of the olfactory receptor epithelium, olfactory bulb, and piriform cortex in the vertebrate olfactory system. These findings suggest that the physicochemical properties of odorant molecules are processed by distributed coding mechanisms activated in parallel in olfactory circuits in order to characterize a single, "monomolecular" odorant. These findings also suggest that the response patterns seen at higher levels are set up by differential responses in peripheral receptor cells of the olfactory epithelium. One requirement for understanding the details of this proposed encoding scheme is correlation of odor-generated patterns with the components of these circuits. In this paper, results from 2-deoxyglucose and voltage-sensitive dye studies suggest that certain components of these responses may relate to patterns established in reproducibly identifiable aggregates of bulbar cells. These findings are consistent with previous observations suggesting that columnar groups of periglomerular, mitral/tufted and granule cells, oriented perpendicular to the laminae of the bulb, are functionally related to one another. Such cell groups or modules, when activated in parallel, could serve as building block components of the complete ensemble response. According to this hypothesis, different sets of such modules would be activated with different odorant stimuli and modules could be shared to the degree to which the physicochemical properties of the different stimuli overlap.

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“…For example, such a small ORN subpopulation may respond to a very specific single odorant characteristic such as chain length, functional group, or degree of chain saturation (Imamura et al, 1992;Katoh et al, 1993). Assuming the total ORN population is comprised of numerous such subpopulations of neurons, even a simple odorant would then be identified in terms of the sum of the responsivities of all such subpopulations activated by it and the glomeruli to which they project (see, e.g., Beets, 1971;Kauer and Moulton, 1974;Lancet, 1986;Polak et al, 1989;Kauer, 1991;Kauer and Cinelli, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small subclass of rat olfactory neurons with specific bulbar projections is reactive with monoclonal antibodies to the HSP70 heat shock protein

Carr¹,

Murphy²,

Morimoto³

et al. 1994

J of Comparative Neurology

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As part of a study of turnover of rat olfactory receptor neurons we have been examining immunohistochemical expression of members of the 70 kD heat shock protein (HSP70) family in the olfactory epithelium. Expression of HSP70 family members is up-regulated in many cells following exposure to physiologically stressing conditions. Because dying neurons are likely to undergo some sort of physiological stress before the onset of frank degeneration, we hoped that anti-HSP70 monoclonal antibodies would prove to be useful markers for early stages of olfactory neuron cell death. Two anti-human HSP70 monoclonal antibodies were used, Mabs 2A4 and 3a3. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis/western blot analysis indicates that these Mabs are reactive with the HSC70 and HSP70 members of the rat HSP70 family. Immunohistological observations show that both Mabs are strongly reactive with a widely dispersed subpopulation of olfactory receptor neurons. Morphological, immunohistological, and autoradiographic birthdating analyses demonstrate that reactive cells are fully mature receptor neurons. Their reactivity, however, does not appear to be stress-related. More significantly, axons of reactive neurons show intense anti-2A4 reactivity. This has allowed us to trace these axons to their target glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, demonstrating that the reactive neurons project to just one to two glomeruli on either side of each bulb via consistent and predictable pathways. This is the first subpopulation of olfactory receptor neurons to be traced to such a small number of glomeruli. Given this extremely small number, it seems likely that the reactive receptor cell subpopulation serves some specific olfactory function. In addition, axonal 2A4 reactivity should also prove useful in defining the relative roles of receptor neurons and glomeruli in the establishment of epithelial-glomerular connections.

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Olfactory Response and Molecular Structure

Cited by 18 publications

References 83 publications

Adaptation and cross-adaptation to odor stimulation of olfactory receptors in the tiger salamander.

Adaptation and cross-adaptation to odor stimulation of olfactory receptors in the tiger salamander.

Are there structural and functional modules in the vertebrate olfactory bulb?

Small subclass of rat olfactory neurons with specific bulbar projections is reactive with monoclonal antibodies to the HSP70 heat shock protein

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