Adaptation and cross-adaptation to odor stimulation of olfactory receptors in the tiger salamander.

Baylin, F; Moulton, David G.

doi:10.1085/jgp.74.1.37

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This phenomenon is denoted LLA because complete recovery from its effect occurred after 6 -8 min, sharply distinguishing it from early forms of olfactory adaptation (Getchell and Shepherd, 1978;Kurahashi and Shibuya, 1990;Zufall et al, 1991b). It seems likely that LLA is related to forms of long-lasting odor adaptation described previously at the cellular and systems level in humans (Ekman et al, 1967;Murphy, 1987), amphibia (Baylin and Moulton, 1979;Getchell, 1986), insects (Zack-Strausfeld and Kaissling, 1986;Marion-Poll and Tobin, 1992), crustaceans (Voigt and Atema, 1990), and nematodes (Colbert and Bargmann, 1995). .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Identification of a Long-Lasting Form of Odor Adaptation that Depends on the Carbon Monoxide/cGMP SecondMessenger System

Zufall

Leinders‐Zufall

1997

J. Neurosci.

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The diffusible messenger carbon monoxide (CO) has been proposed to mediate endogenous cyclic guanosine 3Ј,5Ј-monophosphate (cGMP) formation and sensory adaptation in vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). We have identified and characterized a long-lasting form of odor response adaptation (LLA) that operates at the level of isolated salamander ORNs and does not require any interactions from other cells. Manifestations of LLA are seen in reduced amplitude and prolonged kinetics of the cAMP-mediated excitatory odor response and the generation of a persistent current component that lasts for several minutes and is attributable to cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel activation by cGMP. Because these effects can be mimicked by micromolar amounts of exogenous cGMP or CO, we applied various inhibitors of cGMP formation. LLA is abolished selectively by heme oxygenase inhibitors known to prevent CO release and cGMP formation in ORNs, whereas odor excitation remains unaffected. In contrast, blockers of nitric oxide synthase are unable to eliminate LLA. Several controls rule out a contribution of nonspecific actions to the effects of CO inhibitors. The results indicate that endogenous CO/cGMP signals contribute to olfactory adaptation and underlie the control of gain and sensitivity of odor transduction. The findings offer a mechanism by which a single, brief odor stimulus can be translated into long-lasting intracellular changes that could play an important role in the perceptual adaptation to odors, and explain the longstanding puzzle that the olfactory CNG channels can be gated by both cAMP and cGMP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Identification of a Long-Lasting Form of Odor Adaptation that Depends on the Carbon Monoxide/cGMP SecondMessenger System

Zufall

Leinders‐Zufall

1997

J. Neurosci.

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“…The phenomenon ofcontext refers to the susceptibility of ratings of a particular (set of) stimulus(i) to be altered by the context in which the ratings are made. Context effects can arise in the perceptual domain in such areas as adaptation and cross adaptation (Baylin & Moulton, 1975) or in the response domain Odorant Solute Solute Concentration…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The labeled dissimilarity scale: A metric of perceptual dissimilarity

Kurtz

White

Hayes

2000

Perception & Psychophysics

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Fundamental to the concept of psychological distance is the idea that confusability allows discovery of the perceptual relationships between objects, which provides understanding of the underlying principles that govern the functioning of a system. Thus, judgments of dissimilarity (conceptually proportional to the inverse of confusability) may provide insight into the elusive underlying quality-coding mechanisms in that sensory system. In the present experiments, a labeled dissimilarity scale (LDS) that reflects the magnitude of odorant dissimilarity was developed in a fashion similar to that reported by Green (Green, Shaffer, & Gilmore, 1993).This scale was produced by rating the perceptual intensity implied by adverbs describing different levels of dissimilarity, and then attaching those descriptors to appropriate locations on a numerical scale. The usefulness of the scale was demonstrated by its ability to produce visual color space with ratings of dissimilarity of Munsell color chips. The stability and reliability of the LDSwas evaluated by comparing it with the traditional scaling technique of magnitude estimation (ME). It was found that the scales produced similar ratings of odorant dissimilarity and showed a similar susceptibility to the effects of contrast convergence. However, the coefficients of variation of dissimilarities rated with MEwere much higher than those produced with the LDS. The subjects also dealt with the LDSwithout the anxiety that usually accompanies first-time users of ME. The LDS provided stable ratings of odorant dissimilarity and preserved the inferred ratio scale properties of ME.The concept of psychological distance, as embodied by dissimilarity between stimuli, has proven useful in the understanding of many perceptual and cognitive processes. Investigations of dissimilarity take a number of forms, including errors in identification that are often summarized in confusion matrices (actually a measure of confusability), measures of discrimination, and direct scaling of perceptual similarity/dissimilarity. Regardless of the form, the premise of investigations of psychological distance is that dissimilarity allows for the discovery ofthe psychological or perceptual relationships between objects, thus suggesting the principles that govern the functioning of a system.A prime example of the utility of the concept of psychological distance can be found through the evaluation of color vision in normal and colorblind people. It is a simple task to ask people with normal color vision to rate the degree of dissimilarity between the hues of variousThe authors express their gratitude to Maxwell Mozell and Lawrence Marks, both of whom offered excellent advice on an earlier draft of this paper. The authors also thank the reviewers of this article, particularly Barry Green, for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Experiment 2 was presented at the 1997 International Symposium of 01faction and Taste, with the abstract of that presentation published in

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“…The unit shown in Fig. 3D (Ottoson, 1956;Baylin & Moulton, 1979) Rats normally sample olfactory stimuli by repeatedly sniffing in a stereotyped fashion. Adaptation to successive stimulus events must occur during this odoursampling behaviour.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Olfactory receptor cells exhibit asymmetrical decrements in evoked activity under cross-adaptation conditions (Baylin & Moulton, 1979 (Engen & Bosack, 1969;Corbit & Engen, 1971 ;Laing & Mackay-Sim, 1975). Performance on these tasks depends on the ability to detect the difference between a target odorant and a blank stimulus.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When an odorous stimulus is presented twice within a limited period of time, less neural activity is evoked by the second presentation (Ottoson, 1956;Boxtel & Koster, 1978; Baylin & Moulton, i )79). Baylin & Moulton (1979) recorded single-unit activity from salamander olfactory receptors under cross-adaptation conditions. They report that cross-adaptation diminishes the number of evoked action potentials and that this effect is always asymmetrical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptation of rat olfactory bulb neurones.

Mair¹

1982

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Single-unit activity was recorded from olfactory bulb neurones driven by odorous stimuli. Neural responses were quantified as averaged peristimulus time histograms.2. Successive presentations of the same stimulus evoked similar patterns of activity during each presentation. Some neurones exhibited increased and others decreased excitability in the adapted state. The occurrence of such facilitative or suppressive self-adaptation was not determined by odorant concentration or by the number of action potentials evoked by a given stimulus. Neurones driven by more than one odorant exhibited the same type of adaptation (facilitative or suppressive) for all effective stimuli.3. When the first odorant differed from the second, the number but not the pattern of action potentials evoked by the second odorant differed from the non-adapted state. Some neurones exhibited increased and others decreased excitability in the cross-adaptation state. Neurones exhibiting suppressive self-adaptation did not exhibit facilitative cross-adaptation and those exhibiting facilitative self-adaptation did not exhibit suppressive cross-adaptation. Instances of asymmetrical crossadaptation were noted in which two odorants differed in the extent to which they affected subsequent sensitivity to each other. The degree of symmetry for a given pair of odorants differed for different neurones. It is concluded that neurones in the olfactory bulb differ in both the type (suppressive or facilitative) and extent of adaptation evoked by a given odorant.

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Adaptation and cross-adaptation to odor stimulation of olfactory receptors in the tiger salamander.

Cited by 36 publications

References 15 publications

Identification of a Long-Lasting Form of Odor Adaptation that Depends on the Carbon Monoxide/cGMP SecondMessenger System

Identification of a Long-Lasting Form of Odor Adaptation that Depends on the Carbon Monoxide/cGMP SecondMessenger System

The labeled dissimilarity scale: A metric of perceptual dissimilarity

Adaptation of rat olfactory bulb neurones.

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