Olfactory hallucinations as primary symptom for ischemia in the right posterior insula

Beume, Lena-Alexandra; Klingler, Alexander; Reinhard, Matthias; Niesen, Wolf D.

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2015.05.014

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(9 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar to our patient, an earlier case reported insular lesion causing heightened sensitivity to odors, specifically to unpleasant ones [50]. A case of unpleasant olfactory hallucinations of burned hair has also been described following insula lesions [51]. Additionally, previous cases of left insula lesions have led to olfactory disturbances, such as in our patient, including deranged smell, olfactory auras, and even anosmia [47,49,52].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Therefore, anecdotal evidence seems to point at left insula lesions being responsible for olfactory disturbances, though manifestations and severity seem to vary widely across patients. Cases of olfactory disturbance following right insula lesions have also been described [47][48][49]51], but it remains unsure whether impairments caused by left and right insular lesions are qualitatively and quantitatively similar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, a 55-year-old woman presented with phantosmia she described as "burned hair" after a stroke that affected the right posterior insula and the pre-and postcentral gyri [51]. The smell of burned hair disappeared after 24 h but the patient started suffering from mild hyposmia that was still present 6 months after the stroke.…”

Section: Previous Case Reports Of Olfactory Dysfunction After Insularmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Insula and Olfaction: A Literature Review and Case Report

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(1) Background: It is well established that the insula is involved in olfaction, though its specific role in olfactory processing remains uncertain. In this paper, we first review the current literature on the insula and olfaction. Then, we describe the case of a 56-year-old man with a left insular cavernoma that caused olfactory disturbances. (2) Results: Structural neuroimaging studies suggest that insular gray matter volume is related to olfactory function, and functional neuroimaging shows that various types of stimuli lead to either lateralized or bilateral insular activations. Studies using electro-cortical stimulation reveal a specific region of the insular cortex, around the central insular sulcus, that could be related to unpleasant odor processing. Previous cases of insular lesions leading to olfactory disturbances suggest that left-sided insular lesions may more frequently lead to olfactory changes. In our patient with a left insular cavernoma, odors that were previously perceived as pleasant started smelling unpleasant and were hard to distinguish. Despite these subjective complaints, olfactory function assessed with the Sniffin’ Sticks test was normal. (3) Conclusions: Current tests may not be sensitive to all types of olfactory impairments associated with insular damage, and further studies should be conducted to develop olfactory tests assessing the hedonic appreciation of odors.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Case Reports Of Olfactory Dysfunction After Insularmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Insula and Olfaction: A Literature Review and Case Report

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ischemia symptoms are induced by the disturbance of effective blood flow to tissues and cause dysfunction or damage of various tissues such as heart, brain, and limbs (Park et al, 2014;Beume et al, 2015;Winata et al, 2015). Recently, several research groups reported that MSCs can enhance angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo and show recovery of ischemic injury in the animal model Sun et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of angiogenic effects by hypoxia‐preconditioned human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia

Han

Kim

et al. 2015

Cell Biology International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has been studied that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capability to promote angiogenesis. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that hypoxic conditions can enhance angiogenesis and immune modulation mediated by MSCs, a notion that has been applied in many fields of clinical application. In the present study, we compared the efficacy of hypoxia preconditioned human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) and normoxia conditioned hUC-MSCs for the treatment of ischemic injury in hindlimbs of an immunodeficient mouse model. Expression of negative markers for MSC such as CD31, CD34, and CD45 or positive markers such as CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 was not significantly changed in hypoxia preconditioned hUC-MSCs compared with hUC-MSCs cultured in normoxic condition. Expression of angiogenesis-related genes such as COX-2, VEGF, Tie-2, and TGF-β1 was increased compared with hUC-MSCs cultured in normoxic conditions. In the in vivo model, CD31 expression as a marker of angiogenesis was significantly increased in the ischemic limbs at 1 month after injection with hypoxic hUC-MSCs. Angiogenesis-related genes such as Ang-1, COX-1, PIGF, and MCP-1 were significantly upregulated in the muscle of ischemic hindlimbs treated with hypoxic hUC-MSCs than normoxic hUC-MSCs. Expression of proinflammatory genes such as IL-1, and IL-20 was reduced, whereas TGF-β1, which has an anti-inflammatory effect, was strongly increased. In conclusion, hypoxic culture conditions could induce expression of angiogenesis related genes in hUC-MSCs, and hypoxia preconditioned hUC-MSCs showed enhancing effects by inducing angiogenesis and low inflammatory immune response compared with normoxic hUC-MSCs in the ischemia injured hindlimb of immunodeficient mice.

show abstract

“…Interestingly, injuries in the insula have been reported in association with olfactory hallucinations. 6 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chorea, psychosis, acanthocytosis, and prolonged survival associated with ELAC2 mutations

Paucar¹,

Pajak

Freyer

et al. 2018

Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Olfactory hallucinations as primary symptom for ischemia in the right posterior insula

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Insula and Olfaction: A Literature Review and Case Report

Insula and Olfaction: A Literature Review and Case Report

Enhancement of angiogenic effects by hypoxia‐preconditioned human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia

Chorea, psychosis, acanthocytosis, and prolonged survival associated with ELAC2 mutations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About