Insula and Olfaction: A Literature Review and Case Report

Roy-Côté, Frédérique; Zahal, Rayane; Frasnelli, Johannes; Nguyen, Dang Khoa; Boucher, Olivier

doi:10.3390/brainsci11020198

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Interestingly, other types of learning and memories such as odor recognition memory and fear learning and memory were intact. Consistent with our findings, other studies report that odor detection or recognition may not involve the IC even though the IC is known to process olfaction 25 . Other studies also show that, unlike the pIC, the aIC does not involve in the acquisition of spatial memory (tested with water-maze) or conditioned taste aversion 26 , suggesting that the aIC could be more specialized in learning or consolidating social memories.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The anterior insular cortex processes social recognition memory

Min

Park

Cho

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Impaired social abilities are characteristics of a variety of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and bipolar disorder. Studies consistently implicated the relationship between the anterior insular cortex (aIC) and social ability, however, how the aIC involves in processing specific subtypes of social ability was uninvestigated. We, therefore, investigated whether the absence or presence of the aIC affects the social behaviors of mice. We found that electrolytic lesions of the aIC specifically impaired mice’s ability to recognize a novel stranger mouse, while the sociability of the aIC-lesioned mice was intact. Interestingly, the aIC-lesioned mice were still distinguished between a mouse that had been housed together before the aIC lesion and a novel mouse, supporting that retrieval of social recognition memory may not involve the aIC. Additional behavioral tests revealed that this specific social ability impairment induced by the aIC lesion was not due to impairment in olfaction, learning and memory, locomotion, or anxiety levels. Together our data suggest that the aIC is specifically involved in processing social recognition memory, but not necessarily involved in retrieving it.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The anterior insular cortex processes social recognition memory

Min

Park

Cho

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Previous studies have found differences in FA and QA in the areas or tracts related to the olfactory system between HCs and PD patients [ 18 , 35 , 40 ]. Our results were similar to those of previous studies in that we showed significantly higher QA values in the temporal lobe, where the olfactory cortex is located, and in the insular lobe, which is known to have a specific role in olfactory processing [ 41 ], in early PD patients compared to HCs. Our study also found a difference in QA between the HC and PD groups in the occipital lobe.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

White Matter Microstructural Alterations in Newly Diagnosed Parkinson’s Disease: A Whole-Brain Analysis Using dMRI

2022

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cardinal motor symptoms and other non-motor symptoms. Studies have investigated various brain areas in PD by detecting white matter alterations using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging processing techniques, which can produce diffusion metrics such as fractional anisotropy and quantitative anisotropy. In this study, we compared the quantitative anisotropy of whole brain regions throughout the subcortical and cortical areas between newly diagnosed PD patients and healthy controls. Additionally, we evaluated the correlations between the quantitative anisotropy of each region and respective neuropsychological test scores to identify the areas most affected by each neuropsychological dysfunction in PD. We found significant quantitative anisotropy differences in several subcortical structures such as the basal ganglia, limbic system, and brain stem as well as in cortical structures such as the temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and insular lobe. Additionally, we found that quantitative anisotropy of some subcortical structures such as the basal ganglia, cerebellum, and brain stem showed the highest correlations with motor dysfunction, whereas cortical structures such as the temporal lobe and occipital lobe showed the highest correlations with olfactory dysfunction in PD. Our study also showed evidence regarding potential neural compensation by revealing higher diffusion metric values in early-stage PD than in healthy controls. We anticipate that our results will improve our understanding of PD’s pathophysiology.

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“…The ERC is involved in visuo-spatial functioning ( 20 , 48 ). Finally, the insula, which is thought to include the primary gustatory cortex, has been shown to have connections with the primary olfactory cortex through tracing studies in primates and tractography in humans ( 49 ). A map depicting these various PC connections are detailed in Figure 2 .…”

Section: Connections Of the Piriform Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the piriform cortex in temporal lobe epilepsy: A current literature review

et al. 2022

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Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of focal epilepsy and can have various detrimental consequences within many neurologic domains. Recent evidence suggests that the piriform cortex may also be implicated in seizure physiology. The piriform cortex is a primary component of the olfactory network and is located at the junction of the frontal and temporal lobes, wrapping around the entorhinal sulcus. Similar to the hippocampus, it is a tri-layered allocortical structure, with connections to many adjacent regions including the orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, peri- and entorhinal cortices, and insula. Both animal and human studies have implicated the piriform cortex as a critical node in the temporal lobe epilepsy network. It has additionally been shown that resection of greater than half of the piriform cortex may significantly increase the odds of achieving seizure freedom. Laser interstitial thermal therapy has also been shown to be an effective treatment strategy with recent evidence hinting that ablation of the piriform cortex may be important for seizure control as well. We propose that sampling piriform cortex in intracranial stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) procedures with the use of a temporal pole or amygdalar electrode would be beneficial for further understanding the role of the piriform cortex in temporal lobe epilepsy.

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Insula and Olfaction: A Literature Review and Case Report

Cited by 8 publications

References 65 publications

The anterior insular cortex processes social recognition memory

The anterior insular cortex processes social recognition memory

White Matter Microstructural Alterations in Newly Diagnosed Parkinson’s Disease: A Whole-Brain Analysis Using dMRI

The role of the piriform cortex in temporal lobe epilepsy: A current literature review

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