Olfactory Dysfunction in Nasal Bone Fracture

Abstract

BackgroundAll nasal bone fractures have the potential for worsening of olfactory function. However, few studies have studied the olfactory outcomes following reduction of nasal bone fractures. This study evaluates posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction in patients with nasal bone fracture before and after closed reduction.MethodsA prospective study was conducted for all patients presenting with nasal bone fracture (n=97). Each patient consenting to the study underwent the Korean version of Sniffin' Sticks test (KVSS II) before operation and at 6 month after closed reduction. The nasal fractures were divided according to the nasal bone fracture classification by Haug and Prather (Types I–IV). The olfactory scores were compared across fracture types and between preoperative and postoperative settings.ResultsOlfactory dysfunction was frequent after nasal fracture (45/97, 46.4%). Our olfactory assessment using the KVSS II test revealed that fracture reduction was not associated with improvements in the mean test score in Type I or Type II fractures. More specifically, the mean posttraumatic Threshold, discrimination and identification score decreased from 28.8 points prior to operation to 23.1 point at 6 months for Type II fracture with septal fracture.ConclusionOur study has revealed two alarming trends regarding post-nasal fracture olfactory dysfunction. First, our study demonstrated that almost half (46.4%) of nasal fracture patients experience posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction. Second, closed reduction of these fractures does not lead to improvements olfaction at 6 months, which suggest that olfactory dysfunction is probably due to factors other than the fracture itself. The association should be further explored between injuries that lead to nasal fracture and the mechanism behind posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction.

Comparison of Efficacy Outcomes of Lidocaine Spray, Topical Lidocaine Injection, and Lidocaine General Anesthesia in Nasal Bone Fractures Surgeries: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

“…The history of nasal fracture was taken orally. The bones of the nose were examined by computed tomography (CT) for the presence of fracture and graded as shown in Table 2 [ 1 , 2 ].…”

“…Most facial fractures are nose fractures [ 1 ], and more than half of the fractures in the human body are nasal fractures of some type. Nasal bone fractures occur with facial bone fractures or may develop alone [ 2 ]. As an anatomic features, the nose bone is raised or embossed [ 1 ].…”

“…As an anatomic features, the nose bone is raised or embossed [ 1 ]. Moreover, it has a central location on the face and anterior projection [ 2 ]. As such, the nasal bone is more susceptible to fracture during accidents.…”

Percepção De Gestantes Sobre a Toxoplasmose

“…As fraturas do osso nasal ou da face média podem interromper o fluxo de ar normal e impedir que odorantes atinjam o nervo olfatório, resultando em perda condutiva do olfato (COELHO, COSTANZO, 2016). Lesões de tecidos moles dentro da cavidade nasal levando a hematoma de mucosa ou septal e edema pode distorcer a anatomia e, portanto, a função (KIM et al, 2017).…”

Tratamento de fratura nasal pediátrica: relato de caso clínico

“…As fraturas nasais são de diagnóstico clínico, sendo as radiografias complementares para esses diagnósticos, onde a tomografia computadorizada é um exame de imagem padrão ouro para fraturas faciais em geral, no entanto devido ao elevado custo, exposição à radiação e à falta de impacto no manejo do trauma, não deve ser rotineiramente empregada, a menos que se suspeite de fraturas associadas 6,7 .…”