Abstract:Behavioral literature is examined tor information that could clarify the manner in which rodent behavior is mediated by olfaction. Functional use of olfaction is readily apparent in some of the behaviors reviewed, for example, bait shyness, olfactorally modulated aggression, olfactory marking of and recognition of stressful environments, and inhibition of food seeking by odors generated from frustration. Other behaviors are reviewed in which olfaction is thought to play an important, though yet undelineated ro… Show more
“…Olfactory cues are an important component of rodent social investigation [46, 47]. A habituation/dishabituation olfactory-discrimination task was used to assess olfaction (Fig.…”
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses are behaviorally-based with no defined universal biomarkers, occur at a 1:110 ratio in the population, and predominantly affect males compared to females at approximately a 4:1 ratio. One approach to investigate and identify causes of ASD is to use organisms that display abnormal behavioral responses that model ASD-related impairments. This study describes a novel transgenic mouse, MALTT, which was generated using a forward genetics approach. It was determined that the transgene integrated within a noncoding region on the X chromosome. The MALTT line exhibited a complete repertoire of ASD-like behavioral deficits in all three domains required for an ASD diagnosis: reciprocal social interaction, communication, and repetitive or inflexible behaviors. Specifically, MALTT male mice showed deficits in social interaction and interest, abnormalities in pup and juvenile ultrasonic vocalization communications, and exhibited a repetitive stereotypy. Abnormalities were also observed in the domain of sensory function, a secondary phenotype prevalently associated with ASD. Mapping and expression studies suggested that the Fam46 gene family may be linked to the observed ASD-related behaviors. The MALTT line provides a unique genetic model for examining the underlying biological mechanisms involved in ASD-related behaviors.
“…Olfactory cues are an important component of rodent social investigation [46, 47]. A habituation/dishabituation olfactory-discrimination task was used to assess olfaction (Fig.…”
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses are behaviorally-based with no defined universal biomarkers, occur at a 1:110 ratio in the population, and predominantly affect males compared to females at approximately a 4:1 ratio. One approach to investigate and identify causes of ASD is to use organisms that display abnormal behavioral responses that model ASD-related impairments. This study describes a novel transgenic mouse, MALTT, which was generated using a forward genetics approach. It was determined that the transgene integrated within a noncoding region on the X chromosome. The MALTT line exhibited a complete repertoire of ASD-like behavioral deficits in all three domains required for an ASD diagnosis: reciprocal social interaction, communication, and repetitive or inflexible behaviors. Specifically, MALTT male mice showed deficits in social interaction and interest, abnormalities in pup and juvenile ultrasonic vocalization communications, and exhibited a repetitive stereotypy. Abnormalities were also observed in the domain of sensory function, a secondary phenotype prevalently associated with ASD. Mapping and expression studies suggested that the Fam46 gene family may be linked to the observed ASD-related behaviors. The MALTT line provides a unique genetic model for examining the underlying biological mechanisms involved in ASD-related behaviors.
“…[34][35][36][37] The chemosensory responsive neural circuit of rodents has been well described and includes brain regions such as the main and accessory olfactory bulbs (MOB, AOB), the medial amygdala (MA), the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and the medial preoptic area (MPOA). [37][38][39][40][41] Chemosensory cues are transmitted from the main olfactory epithelium and volmeronasal epithelium to neurons in these brain regions where they are processed so that the appropriate behavioral response can be determined.…”
Increased aggression is commonly associated with many neurological and psychiatric disorders. Current treatments are largely empirical and are often accompanied by severe side effects, underscoring the need for a better understanding of the neural bases of aggression. Vasopressin, acting through its 1a receptor subtype, is known to affect aggressive behaviors. The vasopressin 1b receptor (V1bR) is also expressed in the brain, but has received much less attention due to a lack of specific drugs. Here we report that mice without the V1bR exhibit markedly reduced aggression and modestly impaired social recognition. By contrast, they perform normally in all the other behaviors that we have examined, such as sexual behavior, suggesting that reduced aggression and social memory are not simply the result of a global deficit in sensorimotor function or motivation. Fos-mapping within chemosensory responsive regions suggests that the behavioral deficits in V1bR knockout mice are not due to defects in detection and transmission of chemosensory signals to the brain. We suggest that V1bR antagonists could prove useful for treating aggressive behavior seen, for example, in dementias and traumatic brain injuries. Molecular Psychiatry (2002) 7, 975-984.
“…This in turn could influence an animal's behavior in test situations, increasing both scent marking and response to such odors. The growing evidence of the use of odor cues left by previous mice (e.g., Schultz & Tapp, 1973) suggests that investigators should examine such possibilities in future work.…”
Three experiments with C57BL/10J mice examined the possible roles of cage size and simple motor practice as factors responsible for producing improved performance of animals reared in enriched environments. Neither factor was found sufficient to improve subsequent performance in a food-seeking task. Mice reared in flat environments containing a variety of objects, but designed to prevent any climbing practice, out-performed nonenriched animals on a task requiring extensive climbing activity.
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