Olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depth in patients with Behçet's disease

Doğan, Adil; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Asal, Neşe; Şahan, Mehmet Hamdi; İnal, Mikail; Gündüz, Özgür; Arıkan, Osman Kürşat

doi:10.1017/s0022215118002141

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The literature shows that disorders of the olfactory system may be related to many diseases, such as sinonasal disease [14], allergic rhinitis [20], infections [15], trauma [15], epilepsy [8], Behcet's disease [6], migraine [2], idiopathic olfactory loss [15] or disruptions such as gastric excretion in the context of normal digestive physiology [6]. Therefore, determining the anatomical features of olfactory nerve can be very important as it has clinical relevance in the diagnostic process for a clinician.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of healthy olfactory sulcus depth, olfactory tract length and olfactory bulb volume in the paediatric population: a magnetic resonance study

et al. 2021

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Background: The aim of this study was to determine the normal reference values for olfactory sulcus depth (OSd), olfactory tract length (OTl) and olfactory bulb volume (OBv) in the pediatric population with routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and determine the relationship, if any, between these values and patient sex and age. Materials and methods: Ninety patients with a median age of 8 years (age range: 3-17 years), consisting of 45 males and 45 females with normal brain MRI scans were evaluated. The patients were divided into three subgroups based on age range, with n=30 per subgroup; Group 1: Young children (3-6 years), Group 2: Children (7-11 years) and Group 3: Adolescents (12-17 years). In the cranial MRI examination of all groups, the right, left and total olfactory bulb volume values were measured in mm 3 , the right and left olfactory tract length values and the right and left olfactory sulcus depth values were calculated manually in mm. Demographic data including sex and age were recorded. Results: There was no significant difference between the age groups in terms of sex. Right-left olfactory sulcus depth; right-left olfactory tract length and right-left total olfactory bulb volume values increased significantly when they are compared in terms of age groups (p < 0.0001, 0.028; <0.0001, <0.0001; <0.0001, <0.0001; < 0.0001, respectively). There was no significant difference between right and left olfactory tract length and olfactory bulb volumes in all groups (p = 0.792 and p = 0.478), but the right olfactory sulcus depth was significantly larger than the left (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Olfactory tract length and olfactory bulb volume dimensions of olfactory nerve and olfactory sulcus depth should be checked during diagnosis of respective illnesses in pediatric population especially increasing age.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of healthy olfactory sulcus depth, olfactory tract length and olfactory bulb volume in the paediatric population: a magnetic resonance study

et al. 2021

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“…In humans, the presence of reflex epilepsy provoked by smell (19) suggests that the OB may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of epilepsy. Dogan et al reported that OBV decreased in Behçet disease, but they did not find a difference in OSD compared to the control group (13). OSD was reported to be lower than controls in certain diseases such as schizophrenia, migraine, Parkinson's disease, and major depression (8,12,14,(20)(21)(22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In the only pediatric study quantitative measurements of OBV, OTL, and OSD were made in healthy children, and these values were observed to increase with age without gender difference (11). OBV decreased in post-traumatic and post-infectious olfactory disorders, congenital anosmia, and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson, Alzheimer, and Behçet diseases) (5,7,(12)(13)(14)(15). In a study conducted on patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, OBV was significantly lower in this group than in the control group, and the mean OBV of hyposmic (epilepsy) patients was significantly lower compared to normosmic patients (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of the olfactory system in pediatric epilepsy: a magnetic resonance imaging study

Baykan¹,

Aydın²,

Şahin³

et al. 2023

Diagn Interv Radiol

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This is a PDF file of a peer-reviewed, preliminarily formatted and unedited paper that has been accepted for publication in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology. Copyediting of the text and figures and proof review of the the paper will be finished before the paper is published in its final form. Please note that errors may be discovered which could affect the content of the paper during the production process. All legal disclaimers apply.u n c o r r e c t e d p r o o f ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Olfactory dysfunction is a well-known complication in epilepsy. It has been shown that olfactory bulb volume (OBV), olfactory tract length (OTL), and olfactory sulcus depth (OSD) can be reliably evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, we compared the OBV, OTL, and OSD values of children with epilepsy and those of healthy children (controls) of similar age. Our aim was to determine the presence of olfactory dysfunction in children with epilepsy and show the effects of the epilepsy type and treatment on olfactory function in these patients. METHODS:The cranial MRI images of 36 epilepsy patients and 108 controls (3-17 years old) were evaluated. Epilepsy patients were divided into groups according to the type of disease and treatment method. OBV and OSD were measured from the coronal section, and OTL from the sagittal section. The OBV, OTL, and OSD values were compared among the epilepsy group and subgroups and controls. RESULTS: OBV was significantly reduced in the children with epilepsy, compared to the control group (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the healthy children and those with epilepsy in terms of OTL and OSD. While OBV was moderate positively correlated with age in the control group (r = 0.561, p < 0.001), it was poorly correlated with age in children with epilepsy (r = 0.393, p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS:The results of our study indicate that OBV decreases in children with epilepsy, but epilepsy type and treatment method do not affect OBV, OTL, and OSD (p>0.05).

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“…The volume of the olfactory bulbs and the depth of the olfactory sulcus are readily obtained from MRI imaging and can be used as a neuroanatomical comparative tool to assess the structure of the olfactory system in patients [ 18 , 19 ]. Olfactory bulb volumes and olfactory sulcus depth values [ 8 , 20 ] vary by patient population, MRI protocol, and measurement/calculation method but are typically on the order of 30-90 mm3 for olfactory bulb volumes and 5-10 mm for olfactory sulcus depth, similar to the average values noted in the patient population in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Radioanatomical Findings in Patients With Cardiac Arrhythmias, COVID-19, and Healthy Controls

Gore¹

2022

Cureus

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Background Clinical hyposmia and anosmia are commonly seen, most frequently with either post-inflammatory, age-related, or idiopathic causes being most frequent. Actual anatomical abnormalities of the olfactory groove or olfactory bulb are far less common. A recent case report showing a possible link between congenital olfactory bulb agenesis and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome suggested that there may be a relationship between cardiac arrhythmia and olfactory bulb development. While Kallmann syndrome (KS) is the classic syndrome involving olfactory bulb agenesis and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, this case report and a prior report noting isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome suggest there may be more rare associations between cardiac arrhythmia and olfactory groove abnormalities. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to attempt to elucidate whether there may be a link between cardiac arrhythmias and olfactory anatomical abnormalities. The olfactory bulb volume (OBV) and olfactory sulcus depth (OSD) of 44 patients with cardiac arrhythmias were compared to 43 healthy control patients. Additionally, 11 patients with acute COVID-19 were also compared in those groups. Patients were seen between September and December 2020. Available MRI images were utilized. Results The average right and left olfactory bulb volume was 29.42±18.17 mm 3 and 25.67±15.29 mm 3 for patients with cardiac arrhythmia, 40.79±30.65 mm 3 and 38.95±21.87mm 3 for healthy controls, and 21.30±15.23 mm 3 and 17.75±9.63 mm 3 for COVID-19 patients. The average right and left olfactory sulcus depth was 7.68±1.31 mm and 7.47±1.56 mm for patients with cardiac arrhythmia, 10.67±1.53 mm and 10.62±1.67 mm for controls, and 7.91±0.99 mm and 8.02±0.88 mm for COVID-19 patients. The right and left olfactory bulb volume difference versus controls was significant for cardiac arrhythmia patients (p=0.028 and p=0.0038) and for COVID-19 patients (p=0.047 and p=0.0029), and the right and left olfactory sulcus depth difference versus controls was significant for cardiac arrhythmia patients (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001) and for COVID-19 patients (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001). Both COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmia patients were, on average, significantly older than controls. On multivariate analysis, cardiac arrhythmia or COVID-19 diagnosis did not significantly correlate with smaller olfactory bulb volume, but older age, cardiac arrhythmia diagnosis, and COVID-19 diagnosis did significantly correlate with smaller olfactory sulcus depth. On multivariate analysis, older age was significantly correlated with cardiac arrhythmia diagnosis and COVID-19 diagnosis. Conclusions Olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depth in both cardiac arrhythmia and COVID-19 patients appeared significantly smaller than in controls. Cardiac...

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Olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depth in patients with Behçet's disease

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Quantitative analysis of healthy olfactory sulcus depth, olfactory tract length and olfactory bulb volume in the paediatric population: a magnetic resonance study

Quantitative analysis of healthy olfactory sulcus depth, olfactory tract length and olfactory bulb volume in the paediatric population: a magnetic resonance study

Quantitative analysis of the olfactory system in pediatric epilepsy: a magnetic resonance imaging study

Olfactory Radioanatomical Findings in Patients With Cardiac Arrhythmias, COVID-19, and Healthy Controls

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