Olfactory asymmetry in the rat brain

Heine, O.; Galaburda, Albert M.

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(86)90078-6

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We also found a deeper right olfactory sulcus, but the differences were not statistically significant. Therefore, our data cannot support the theory of a right predominance in olfactory function [38]. In contrast, our findings reinforce the previous assumption that olfactory sulcus formation depends on the presence of an ipsilateral olfactory tract and bulb, as we only found altered sulci in the presence of altered bulbs, which has been previously described [24,26,39].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of the Olfactory System in Kallmann Syndrome: Correlation with a Clinical Smell Test

Koenigkam-Santos¹,

Santos²,

Versiani

et al. 2011

Neuroendocrinology

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Objectives: To measure olfactory bulbs and sulci using dedicated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences and specific measurement tools in Kallmann syndrome (KS) patients with a well-established genotype and phenotype, as well as correlate MRI findings with a clinical smell test. Methods: MRI was performed in 21 patients with KS and 16 healthy volunteers; olfactory dysfunction was assessed using the Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), a qualitative suprathreshold olfaction test. Coronal turbo spin echo T2-weighted and volumetric T1-weighted gradient echo sequences were acquired in a 1.5T system. ImageJ software was used to obtain olfactory bulb volumes and olfactory sulcus depths and lengths. Data were analyzed with SPSS 15.0 and the Kappa index was used to evaluate the agreement between the UPSIT and MRI. Results: The UPSIT showed 14 patients with anosmia and 6 with moderate hyposmia. Eighteen patients (85%) presented altered rhinencephalon structures in the MRI. Sixteen patients (76%) presented olfactory bulb aplasia (14/16 bilaterally), and these patients presented a total of 16 aplastic sulci. There was moderate agreement between the MRI quantitative evaluation and the UPSIT (overall Kappa = 0.55), but when considering the presence of aplastic bulbs and anosmia, we found almost perfect agreement (Kappa = 0.87). Three patients had normal rhinencephalon structures, including one with a KAL1 gene mutation. Conclusion: Olfactory bulb and sulcus aplasia were the most common findings in KS patients. We objectively demonstrated agreement between MRI findings and the smell test, especially the presence of bulb aplasia and anosmia. Therefore, our findings help ascertain MRI accuracy in the diagnosis of KS, differentiating patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with an apparently normal or difficult to evaluate sense of smell.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of the Olfactory System in Kallmann Syndrome: Correlation with a Clinical Smell Test

Koenigkam-Santos¹,

Santos²,

Versiani

et al. 2011

Neuroendocrinology

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“…This would explain Heine and Galaburda (1986) have reported asymmetry the relative stability of the mean volume of layer I1 in of the olfactory brain of the albino rat. They found that the later decades.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Number of mitral cells and the bulb volume in the aging human olfactory bulb: A quantitative morphological study

et al. 1987

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The present study documents the morphological changes in the aging human olfactory bulb. Eight bulb pairs from white females between the ages of 25 and 102 years were used. The number of mitral cells in layers IV and III was determined for each bulb and corrected for split cell error. Counts were made on 10-micron thick Nissl-stained sections at 250-micron intervals. The mean number of mitral cells per olfactory bulb at age 25 was estimated from linear regression to be 50,935; at age 60, 32,718; and at age 95, 14,501. The average loss over the time interval studied was 520 mitral cells per year. The volume of each bulb layer, except layer IV, was determined. The difference in the volume of each layer within individuals with age and the total volume with age was not significant (P less than 0.11). The estimated mean bulb volume was found to be 50.02, 43.35, and 36.68 mm3 at ages 25, 60, and 95 years, respectively. The estimated reduction in bulb volume per year increase of age was 0.19 mm3. The ratio of mitral cells to bulb volume for layer III decreased by 19.4 units for every year increase in age. No significant difference was found between the left and the right bulbs in regard to the number of mitral cells and the bulb volume. Histologically, the glomerular layer thickness as well as the mitral cell size and concentration per unit area decreased with age. The intrabulbar anterior olfactory nucleus was discontinuous, highly variable in size, and presumably variable even in neuronal numbers.

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“…Studies have also revealed hemispheric asymmetries in the distribution of neuropeptides (Kryzhanovskiĭ et al 1984;Ramírez et al 2004). Like cerebral right-left asymmetry reported in rat, mouse, rabbit and cat, olfactory asymmetry has been shown in the brain of rat (Heine and Galaburda 1986;Khanna and Sengupta 2001). It was reported that in male rats right hippocampus is thicker than the left (Diamond et al 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Lateralized hippocampal effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on learning and memory in rats in a model of depression

Ivanova

Belcheva

et al. 2011

Psychopharmacology

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Olfactory asymmetry in the rat brain

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of the Olfactory System in Kallmann Syndrome: Correlation with a Clinical Smell Test

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of the Olfactory System in Kallmann Syndrome: Correlation with a Clinical Smell Test

Number of mitral cells and the bulb volume in the aging human olfactory bulb: A quantitative morphological study

Lateralized hippocampal effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on learning and memory in rats in a model of depression

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