Olfaction in the fetal and premature infant: functional status and clinical implications

Schaal, Benoı̂st; Hummel, Thomas; Soussignan, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.clp.2004.04.003

Cited by 155 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…In a follow-up study these authors demonstrated that 3-day-old newborns preferentially orient to the odor of the biological mother, showing clear familiarization effects of the prenatal experience (31,51,52). A few hours after birth, human neonates show orienting head movements, attachment, and suckling behaviors when exposed to the maternal breast scented with amniotic fluid that was collected during labor (45). The scent of the amniotic fluid also exerts calming effects (crying decrements) for babies separated from their biological mother.…”

Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the last gestational trimester the human main olfactory system is functional in terms of odor detection and discrimination and also appears to mediate olfactory learning and memory processes (for reviews see Refs. 44,45). The first suckling response in humans seems to be guided by orosensory cues previously perceived by neonates in utero (46).…”

Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fetal Learning About Ethanol and Later Ethanol Responsiveness: Evidence Against “Safe” Amounts of Prenatal Exposure

Abate

Pueta

Spear

et al. 2008

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Near-term fetuses of different mammalian species, including humans, exhibit functional sensory and learning capabilities. The neurobiological literature indicates that the unborn organism processes sensory stimuli present in the amniotic fluid, retains this information for considerable amounts of time, and is also capable of associating such stimuli with biologically relevant events. This research has stimulated studies aimed at the analysis of fetal and neonatal learning about ethanol, a topic that constitutes the core of the present review. Ethanol has characteristic sensory (olfactory, taste, and trigeminal) attributes and can exert pharmacologic reinforcing effects. The studies under examination support the hypothesis that low to moderate levels of maternal ethanol intoxication during late pregnancy set the opportunity for fetal learning about ethanol. These levels of prenatal ethanol exposure do not generate evident morphologic or neurobehavioral alterations in the offspring, but they exert a significant impact upon later ethanol-seeking and intake behaviors. Supported by preclinical and clinical findings, this review contributes to strengthening the case for the ability of prenatal ethanol exposure to have effects on the postnatal organism. Keywords ethanol; fetal learning; associative conditioningThis review analyzes the impact of low to moderate prenatal levels of exposure to ethanol on later responding to ethanol and stimuli associated with ethanol. These levels of ethanol exposure might be viewed as "safe" but nevertheless have negative effects that might not be noticed for many years.We previously reviewed the literature, examining possible associations between early ontogenetic experiences with alcohol and subsequent affinity for ethanol ingestion and sensitivity to its reinforcing effects (postabsorptive consequences that increase behaviors aimed at obtaining ethanol or that generate preferences to stimuli signaling such consequences) (1). This review took into account fetal and infantile experiences involving acute or chronic exposure to ethanol and how they exerted significant effects upon subsequent ethanol 1To whom correspondence should be addressed at Instituto Ferreyra,

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Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Learning About Ethanol and Later Ethanol Responsiveness: Evidence Against “Safe” Amounts of Prenatal Exposure

Abate

Pueta

Spear

et al. 2008

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2 Since that time, many investigators have evaluated the potential for improving the outcomes of care by adjusting the environment so as to minimize stimuli that adversely affect the neonate's immediate neurologic state and theoretically their subsequent neural development. Many articles have addressed the potential detrimental physiologic effects of high levels of ambient noise, 3,4 illumination, 5 odor 6 and the inability of neonates to establish normal circadian rhythm in an environment that never sleeps. 7 Additional adverse consequences of the traditional NICU environment include crowding of patient care areas with minimal space for family interaction and familycentered care, 8 and the very poor ability to ensure patient and family privacy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal intensive care nursery staff perceive enhanced workplace quality with the single-family room design

et al. 2009

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Objective: To compare perceived workplace quality in an open-bay neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and a single-family room (SFR) NICU.Study Design: Prospective non-randomized, non-controlled cohort study.Result: Staff workplace quality perceptions assessed included the following: the quality of being a Sanford Health System employee (NSFnot significant), the quality of the NICU physical work environment, the quality of NICU patient care, the job quality in the NICU, the quality of health and safety in the NICU (NS), the quality of safety and security in the NICU, the quality of interaction with other members of the NICU health-care team (NS; in subanalysis nurse scores significantly declined), the quality of interaction with NICU technology and the off-job quality of life (NS). Scores for each category and the total scores were statistically greater in the SFR, except as noted (NS). Conclusion:Staff perceptions of workplace quality were significantly greater in the SFR than the open-bay NICU.

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“…Olfaction is a primitive sense, and human infants have been shown to be responsive to olfactory stimuli (Schaal et al 2004). This led us to speculate that intervention with BPO may facilitate oral intake in pediatric patients, which has not been addressed in previous studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Stimulation Using Black Pepper Oil Facilitates Oral Feeding in Pediatric Patients Receiving Long-Term Enteral Nutrition

Munakata

Kobayashi

Niisato-Nezu

et al. 2008

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Patients with severe neurological disorders often require enteral nutrition (EN). Since long-term EN can cause multiple complications, reinstating the oral intake of food is beneficial. Olfactory stimulation using black pepper oil (BPO), a strong appetite stimulant, was reported to facilitate swallowing in older people. Therefore, the effects of olfactory stimulation with BPO were investigated in pediatric patients receiving long-term EN due to neurological disorders. The effects of scenting with BPO for 1 min immediately before every meal were evaluated in ten patients: 4 boys and 6 girls, aged 19-97 months (51 ± 26 months). The neurological disorders included periventricular leukomalacia (3 patients), hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (3), Costello syndrome (1), Russell-Silver syndrome (1), Miller-Dieker syndrome (1), and cerebral palsy of unknown etiology (1). In eight of these patients, BPO intervention was continued for 3 months. Five of these eight patients showed increases in the amount of oral intake with desirable effects including facilitated swallowing movement, although complete elimination of the need for EN was not achieved. In the other three patients, BPO intervention was not effective; severe cerebral tissue loss, profound malformation or intractable seizures seemed to reduce the efficacy of BPO. In two cases, BPO intervention was discontinued due to cough or because the odor of BPO was unbearable to the family. In conclusion, olfactory stimulation with BPO facilitated oral intake in a subset of patients on long-term EN. BPO stimulation may be useful for facilitating oral intake when used in combination with conventional methods. dysphagia; food aversion; enteral nutrition; black pepper oil; cerebral palsy. Tohoku

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Olfaction in the fetal and premature infant: functional status and clinical implications

Cited by 155 publications

References 93 publications

Fetal Learning About Ethanol and Later Ethanol Responsiveness: Evidence Against “Safe” Amounts of Prenatal Exposure

Fetal Learning About Ethanol and Later Ethanol Responsiveness: Evidence Against “Safe” Amounts of Prenatal Exposure

Neonatal intensive care nursery staff perceive enhanced workplace quality with the single-family room design

Olfactory Stimulation Using Black Pepper Oil Facilitates Oral Feeding in Pediatric Patients Receiving Long-Term Enteral Nutrition

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