Oleuropein Induces Anti-metastatic Effects in Breast Cancer

Abstract

Breast cancer causes death due to distant metastases in which tumor cells produce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes which facilitate invasion. Oleuropein, the main olive oil polyphenol, has anti-proliferative effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of oleuropein on the metastatic and anti-metastatic gene expression in the MDA human breast cancer cell line. We evaluated the MMPs and TIMPs gene expression by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in treated and untreated cells. This study demonstrated that OL may induce anti-metastatic effects on human breast cancer cells. We found that TIMP1,-3, and -4 were over-expressed after all periods of incubation in treated cancer cells compared to untreated cells, while MMP2 and MMP9 genes were down-regulated, at least initially. Treatment of breast cancer cells with oleuropein could help in prevention of cancer metastasis by increasing the TIMPs and suppressing the MMPs gene expressions.

Oleuropein Induces Apoptosis Via the p53 Pathway in Breast Cancer Cells

“…Oleuropein can also target steps in cancer progression (Abe et al, 2011). Nowadays, oleuropein has garnered interest due to its ability to inhibit proliferation, metastasis and promote apoptosis in several tumor cell lines (Hassan et al, 2012;Zare et al, 2012;Elamin et al, 2013;Kostomoiri et al, 2013;Oi-Kano et al, 2013;Parzonko et al, 2013). In our previous study, oleuropein showed cytotoxic effect on the luminal MCF-7 cells via the induction of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway (Elamin et al, 2013).…”

“…oleuropein. In breast cancer cells, oleuropein decreases cell viability (Menendez et al, 2007), acts as an anti-metastatic agent (Hassan et al, 2012), and induces cell apoptosis (Campolo et al, 2013;Elamin et al, 2013;Oi-Kano et al, 2013;Pasban-Aliabadi et al, 2013). Oleuropein inhibits cell proliferation via delaying the cell cycle at S phase and up-regulating cyclin-dependent inhibitor p21 (Elamin et al, 2013).…”

Suppression of Human Fibrosarcoma Cell Metastasis by Phyllanthus emblica Extract in Vitro

“…Previous studies have reported that the PE aqueous extract from fruit contains 30-35% gallic acid equivalents (Naik et al, 2005;Charoenteeraboon et al, 2010). Polyphenols in PE extract may be the key molecules to mediate the MMP expression level as found previously in polyphenols from olive oil (Hassan et al, 2012). Purification of the active ingredients is interesting and valuable for further development of an antimetastatic therapy.…”

Paris polyphylla extract inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells

“…In effect, PPE may contain active principles that regulate the gene which inhibits cancer cell mitosis, thereby inhibiting the growth of tumor cells. P21 ras cancer gene is involved in transmission of intracellular information which regulates the cell cycle, and it is the "initiation factor" in the occurrence of tumors [10][11][12][13].The expression of p21 ras antigen was also significantly decreased in the PPE-treated A549 cells, in a time-and concentration-dependent manner, when compared with untreated controls. Again, this is an indication that most of the cancer cells were in the S phase of the cell proliferation cycle.…”