Oleochemical esters — environmentally compatible raw materials for oils and lubricants from renewable resources

Willing, Andreas

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4133(199906)101:6<192::aid-lipi192>3.0.co;2-w

Cited by 44 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Thus, most of lubricants are classified in the most favorable water hazard class. The favorable ecological properties of plant oils, together with their well-established technical performance, make them suitable base oils for the development of high-performance “green” oil and biolubricant products [21]. However, typical plant oils cannot fully meet the performance criteria for most lubricants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biolubricant basestocks from chemically modified plant oils: ricinoleic acid based-tetraesters

Salih

Salimon

Yousif

et al. 2013

Chemistry Central Journal

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BackgroundPlant oils have been investigated as a potential source of environmentally favorable biolubricants because of their biodegradability, renewability and excellent lubrication performance. Low oxidation and thermal stability, poor low-temperature properties and a narrow range of available viscosities, however, limit their potential application as industrial lubricants. The inherent problems of plant oils can be improved by attaching functional groups at the sites of unsaturation through chemical modifications. In this article, we will demonstrate how functionalization helps overcome these disadvantages.ResultsIn this work, mono-, tri- and tetra-esters have been synthesized, including 10,12-dihydroxy-9-(stearoyloxy)octadecanoic acid 3; 9,10,12-tris(stearoyloxy)octadecanoic acid 4; and 18-(4-ethylhexyloxy)-18-oxooctadecane-7,9,10-triyl tristearate 5. Pour-point and cloud-point measurements have shown that these derivatives have improved low-temperature properties as compared to the precursor. The tetra ester compound, 18-(4-ethylhexyloxy)-18-oxooctadecane-7,9,10-triyl tristearate 5, had the lowest pour point (PP) (−44.37°C) and the lowest cloud point (CP) (−41.25°C). This derivatization also improved the compound’s thermo-oxidative stability, measured using pressurized differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) and thin-film micro-oxidation (TFMO) testing. 18-(4-Ethylhexyloxy)-18-oxooctadecane-7,9,10-triyl tristearate 5 also had the highest onset temperature (OT) (282.10°C) and the lowest volatile loss and insoluble deposit (37.39% and 50.87%, respectively). Furthermore, the compounds’ tribological behaviors were evaluated using the four-ball method. 18-(4-Ethylhexyloxy)-18-oxooctadecane-7,9,10-triyl tristearate 5 also had the lowest coefficient of friction (μ) (0.44).ConclusionsThe results showed that, in general, these derivatives have good anti-wear and friction-reducing properties at relatively low concentrations under all of the test loads. Overall, the data indicates that these derivatives have significant potential to be used as biolubricant basestocks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biolubricant basestocks from chemically modified plant oils: ricinoleic acid based-tetraesters

Salih

Salimon

Yousif

et al. 2013

Chemistry Central Journal

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“…Fatty acid alkyl esters can also serve as valuable starting materials or intermediates in the synthesis of fatty alcohols (Peters 1996), lubricants (Willing 1999;Sharma et al 2007;Dailey et al 2008;Padua 2008), cold flow improver additives Erhan 2006, 2007;Dailey et al 2008), cetane improving additives (Poirier et al 1995), and multifunctional lubricity and combustion additives (Suppes et al 2001;Suppes and Dasari 2003). Lastly, biodiesel in conjunction with certain surfactants can act as a contact herbicide to kill broadleaf weeds in turfgrass (Vaughn and Holser 2007).…”

Section: Other Uses Of Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel production, properties, and feedstocks

Moser

2009

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

636

377

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Biodiesel, defined as the mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils or animal fats, is an environmentally attractive alternative to conventional petroleum diesel fuel (petrodiesel). Produced by transesterification with a monohydric alcohol, usually methanol, biodiesel has many important technical advantages over petrodiesel, such as inherent lubricity, low toxicity, derivation from a renewable and domestic feedstock, superior flash point and biodegradability, negligible sulfur content, and lower exhaust emissions. Important disadvantages of biodiesel include high feedstock cost, inferior storage and oxidative stability, lower volumetric energy content, inferior low-temperature operability, and in some cases, higher NO x exhaust emissions. This review covers the process by which biodiesel is prepared, the types of catalysts that may be used for the production of biodiesel, the influence of free fatty acids on biodiesel production, the use of different monohydric alcohols in the preparation of biodiesel, the influence of biodiesel composition on fuel properties, the influence of blending biodiesel with other fuels on fuel properties, alternative uses for biodiesel, and value-added uses of glycerol, a co-product of biodiesel production. A particular emphasis is placed on alternative feedstocks for biodiesel production. Lastly, future challenges and outlook for biodiesel are discussed.

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“…Moreover, crambe oil has high amount of oil about 23–38% in its chemical structure. High content of erucic acid (57.8%) in crambe oil gives important properties to the biodiesel . Rosa et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of inedible Crambe abyssinica biodiesel and edible hazelnut, corn, soybean, sunflower, and canola biodiesels

Uyaroğlu¹,

Uyumaz

Çelıkten

2017

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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In this study, the effects of hazelnut oil–diesel (H30), corn oil–diesel (C30), soybean oil–diesel (S30), sunflower oil–diesel (Su30), canola oil–diesel (Ca30) and Crambe abyssinica oil–diesel (Cr30) and diesel fuel blends were investigated on combustion characteristics, engine performance and NOx, CO, HC, and soot emissions. A single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection diesel engine was operated at maximum brake torque engine speed of 2200 rpm and 7.5, 11.25, 15, and 18.75 Nm engine loads. Test results showed that thermal efficiency decreased by about 3.1, 6.44, 7.08, 7.40, 8.76, and 11.68% with H30, C30, S30, Su30, Ca30, and Cr30 compared to D100 at full load, respectively. There was no big differences on cylinder pressure between test fuels. However, higher heat release rate was obtained with D100 according to fuel blends due to higher calorific value of D100. Test results also showed that HC, CO, and soot emissions decreased with biodiesel fuel blends compared to diesel fuel for all engine loads while NOx emissions increased. At full load, HC and CO decreased by about 81.2 and 21.5%, respectively, with C30 compared to diesel. Similarly, soot reduced 51.3% with Su30 compared to diesel at the same engine load. However, NOx increased 15.8% with C30 according to diesel at full load. It was concluded that biodiesel–diesel fuel blends can be used efficiently in a diesel engine. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1438–1447, 2018

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Oleochemical esters — environmentally compatible raw materials for oils and lubricants from renewable resources

Cited by 44 publications

References 2 publications

Biolubricant basestocks from chemically modified plant oils: ricinoleic acid based-tetraesters

Biolubricant basestocks from chemically modified plant oils: ricinoleic acid based-tetraesters

Biodiesel production, properties, and feedstocks

Comparison of the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of inedible Crambe abyssinica biodiesel and edible hazelnut, corn, soybean, sunflower, and canola biodiesels

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