Oleaginous Yeast‐ A Promising Candidatea for High Quality Biodiesel Production

An Overview of Potential Oleaginous Microorganisms and Their Role in Biodiesel and Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Based Industries

“…Placing emphasis on differences among the microorganisms and aiming for the most suitable metabolic spot leads to improvements in lipid yields and modification of lipid profiles. The wild-type strains can be modified to improve the lipid accumulation by using the recent metabolic engineering tools [77,161,[228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236][237]. The methods of metabolic engineering technology interfere at parts or whole of the proteome, lipidome, transcriptome, genome, and metabolome of microorganisms.…”

“…It has been reported that electroporation can result in increased lipid recovery, while it does not affect the composition and quality of lipids; however, further studies are necessary to prove that it is an efficient method for lipid recovery from oleaginous microorganisms [285,304,327]. Ultrasound-assisted extraction is another method that offers several benefits, such as being simple, eco-friendly, and time-efficient, with mild operation conditions and no need for chemicals [309,[328][329][330][331][332][333]. However, the effect on the quality of the extracted lipids may be detrimental, as prolonged use of ultrasonication can produce free radicals [322].…”

“…When the aim is biodiesel production, the next step after the oil extraction is the transesterification procedure. During transesterification, the triacylglycerides that are recovered during the extraction are converted to fatty acid alkyl esters or fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and glycerol as byproducts in the presence of ethanol or methanol and a catalyst [331]. The effectiveness of the transesterification reaction can be related to many different parameters.…”

Extraction of lipids from algae using supercritical carbon dioxide

“…The above discussion highlighted the different techniques and methods that are involved in lipid extraction. Production of microbial oil or other products totally depends on the yield of the product or scalable recovery, making the downstream process the foremost step during pilot-scale production [120]. Success of any method or technique is strongly dependent on the cost involved in the process, easiness of the protocol, time requirements, toxicity levels of the compounds used in the process, eco-friendly nature, viability of process, minimum dependence on conditions such as temperature and pressure, and worldwide acceptability [33,65,117,121].…”

Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Methyl Stearate and Microbial Lipids to Diesel-Range Alkanes over Pd/HPA-SiO2 Catalysts

“…Since current biodiesel technologies based on oil plants (such as palm, rapeseed, soybean oil) are limited in terms of oil production capacity and rate, microbial systems are more controllable, economic, and scalable for the biorefining to green fuels and chemicals, ,, among which the most promising platform strains are oleaginous yeast given their capability of producing high lipid yields from lignocellulose-derived carbohydrates. − The integration of lipid fermentation and chemical catalysis provides a feasible route to convert renewable biomass to bulk chemicals and fuels. − Beckham and co-workers recently reported the integrated diesel production from lignocellulosic sugars and aromatic compounds via oleaginous yeast . As the bio-oils may contain neutral lipids (mono-, di-, and triglyceride), fatty acids or fatty esters, and their catalytic conversion involve several sequential steps, we first selected methyl stearate (C 17 –COOCH 3 ) as a model compound to investigate the HDO performance of Pd/HPA-SiO 2 catalysts in this work.…”