Older but Stronger: Development of Platinum-Based Antitumor Agents and Research Advances in Tumor Immunity

Abstract

Platinum (Pt) drugs have developed rapidly in clinical applications because of their broad and highly effective antitumor effects. In recent years, with the rapid development of immunotherapy, Pt-based antitumor agents have gained new challenges and opportunities. Since the discovery of their pharmacological effects in immunotherapy and tumor microenvironment regulation, research into Pt drugs has progressed to multi-ligand and multi-functional Pt precursors and their own shortcomings have been further highlighted. With the development of antitumor immunotherapy and the rise of combination therapy, the development of Pt-based drugs has started to move in the direction of multi-targeting, nanocarrier modification, immunotherapy and photodynamic therapy. In this paper, we first overview the recent applications of Pt-based drugs in antitumor inorganic chemistry, with a focus on summarizing the application of Pt-based drugs and their precursors in the anticancer immune response. The paper also provides a reasonable outlook on the future development of Pt-based drugs from the chemical and immunological perspectives, relying on the existing content and problems of Pt-based drug development. On the basis of the gathered information, joint multidisciplinary programs on implementing comprehensive immune analyses for the future development of novel anticancer metal compounds should be initiated.

Patient‐derived Immunocompetent Tumor Organoids: A Platform for Chemotherapy Evaluation in the Context of T‐cell Recognition**

“…[23] Although Pt drugs are currently the most widely used anti-cancer drugs in clinical practice, the clinical application of Pt drugs has been further restricted with the advancement of precision medicine and immunotherapy. [24] However, ICIs…”

Patient‐derived Immunocompetent Tumor Organoids: A Platform for Chemotherapy Evaluation in the Context of T‐cell Recognition**

“…For a long time, the effects of anticancer compounds synthesized by chemists on the immune system were either ignored or considered as immunosuppressive because of their cytotoxicity against cells, such as Pt drugs [23] . Although Pt drugs are currently the most widely used anti‐cancer drugs in clinical practice, the clinical application of Pt drugs has been further restricted with the advancement of precision medicine and immunotherapy [24] . However, ICIs therapy also faces major challenges in resistance to PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade, mainly due to TCR‐pMHC (peptide‐major histocompatibility complex) dysregulation, T cell exhaustion and resistance to IFN‐γ signaling [25]…”