“…For example, if hospitality is a function of CC, the practice of buying wine may merely replicate the west, by providing status for the buyer. As we were based in China, we had some understanding as to how 'conspicuous gifting' and hospitality has resonance in China (Bronsert et al 2017). In addition to more recent Western values of materialism, traditional values such as guanxi (relationships), mianzi (face), renqing (human sentiments) (Yao, 1988) may serve as justification for CC epitomized in hospitality.…”