Old Age Mental Disorders in Newcastle upon Tyne

Kay, D. W. K.; Beamish, Patricia M.; Roth, Martin

doi:10.1192/bjp.110.465.146

Cited by 527 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This comorbidity was already noted by Kay et al,90 who found that most affective disorders in the elderly were an admixture of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Lindesay et al 27 reported that 91% of the elderly with general anxiety in the population also had depression, and Blanchard et al 42 reported that 95% of those with depression had symptoms of anxiety.…”

Section: Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 73%

Psychiatric Disorders in the Elderly

Skoog

2011

Can J Psychiatry

107

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Recent research has shown that depression, anxiety disorders, and psychosis are more common than previously supposed in elderly populations without dementia. It is unclear whether the frequency of these disorders increases or decreases with age. Clinical expression of psychiatric disorders in old age may be different from that seen in younger age groups, with less and often milder symptoms. Concurrently, comorbidity between different psychiatric disorders is immense, as well as comorbidity with somatic disorders. Cognitive function is often decreased in people with depression, anxiety disorders, and psychosis, but whether these disorders are risk factors for dementia is unclear. Psychiatric disorders in the elderly are often related to cerebral neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular disease, although psychosocial risk factors are also important. Psychiatric disorders, common among the elderly, have consequences that include social deprivation, poor quality of life, cognitive decline, disability, increased risk for somatic disorders, suicide, and increased nonsuicidal mortality.Can J Psychiatry. 2011;56 (7):387-397. Key Words: depression, anxiety, psychosis, elderly, epidemiologic methods, prevalence, risk factors, comorbidityM ost research on mental disorders have been concerned with dementia and to some extent with depression. Other mental disorders, such as anxiety disorders and psychotic disorders, have received less attention. This review will discuss the frequency of mental disorders in the elderly, and its relation to age. Aspects of mental disorders in the elderly without dementia, such as clinical expression and comorbidity, cognitive function and dementia, cerebral neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular disease, and risk factors and consequences, will also be discussed. Frequency of Mental Disorders in the ElderlyThe prevalence of mental disorders is high among the elderly, 1-4 with a prevalence of almost 20% in people without dementia aged 65 years and older.2 While most people in epidemiologic studies are below age 90 years, it was recently reported that almost one-third of people without dementia aged 95 years fulfilled criteria for a psychiatric disorder: 17% had depression, 9% anxiety, and 7% a psychotic disorder. 5Most studies on the epidemiology of mental disorders in the elderly without dementia have been concerned with depression. Cross-sectional studies report prevalence figures of around 5% to 10% for depression, 3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and 1% to 5% for major depression.2,3,13 These figures may be even higher in the developing world.14 This makes depression more common than dementia in people aged 65 years and older. The prevalence of depressive symptoms are even more common than the clinical diagnoses. Such subsyndromal forms of depression are nevertheless associated with adverse outcomes, such as stroke, disability, and mortality. 15-18Anxiety disorders include GAD, agoraphobia, panic anxiety disorder, OCD, social phobia, and specific phobias. Recent research suggests that anxiety disorder...

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Section: Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 73%

Psychiatric Disorders in the Elderly

Skoog

2011

Can J Psychiatry

107

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“…Old-age psychiatry arose in response to the epidemiological imperative of dementia (Kay et al 1964). While late-onset schizophrenia and depression have been the subject of research interest since, the neurotic disorders, in particular somatoform disorders, have tended to be relatively neglected (Jorm, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

Somatic distress syndromes in later life: the need for paradigm change

Wijeratne¹,

Hickie²

2001

Psychol. Med.

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Somatic distress syndromes, which include somatoform disorders and syndromes of chronic fatigue such as neurasthenia but not somatic presentations of anxiety and depression, are one of the common expressions of distress in primary care (Ormel et al. 1994) and general hospital settings (Hemert et al. 1993). They are of considerable importance cross-culturally (Ono et al. 1999), and often lie at the interface of psychiatry and medicine (Hickie, 1999). They are associated with significant disability (Ormel et al. 1994; Andrews, 2000) and health-care utilization (Escobar et al. 1991).

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“…Organic Brain Syndrome (OBS) was defined according to Kay et al 14 who sub-divided the OBS-cases into two groups: mild cases were those showing mental deterioration in excess of that expected at the subjects' but without obvious clinical dementia, and corresponded to OSR of 1 or 2 in the Clinical Interview Schedule; and moderate-severe cases were those in which clinical dementia was present and included senile dementia multi-infarct dementias and other organic syndromes. The OSR was respectively 3 or 4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

O uso do "Face-Hand Test" como instrumento para rastrear as síndromes psicorgânicas: estudo piloto

1989

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do "Face-Hand Test" como instrumento para rastrear as síndromes psicorgânicas. Estudo piloto. Rev. Saúde públ., S. Paulo, 23:395-400,1989. RESUMO: Foi aplicada uma versão reduzida do "Face-Hand Test", o FHT-R, em 91 pessoas com 65 anos ou mais em uma amostra ao acaso de idosos vivendo na comunidade (São Paulo, Brasil), com objetivo de testar a habilidade do instrumento em detectar as síndromes psicorgânicas. Os escores do FHT-R foram comparados com as avaliações de um psiquiatra utilizando uma entrevista semi-estruturada, a "Clinical Interview Schedule". Cinco pessoas foram consideradas como sendo portadoras de distúrbios psicorgânicos e 86 como não sendo portadoras de tais distúrbios. No ponto de corte 0/1 os coeficientes de validação obtidos foram: sensibilidade 60%, especificidade 94%, valor prognóstico positivo 38%, valor prognóstico negativo 98%, e taxa de classificação incorreta 8%. A utilização do Teste em pesquisas epidemiológicas é discutida no corpo do trabalho.

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Old Age Mental Disorders in Newcastle upon Tyne

Cited by 527 publications

References 7 publications

Psychiatric Disorders in the Elderly

Psychiatric Disorders in the Elderly

Somatic distress syndromes in later life: the need for paradigm change

O uso do "Face-Hand Test" como instrumento para rastrear as síndromes psicorgânicas: estudo piloto

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