Oil transesterification over calcium oxides modified with lanthanum

Yan, Shuli; Kim, Manhoe; Salley, Steven O.; Ng, Koon‐Kwan

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2009.03.015

Cited by 217 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is recommended that all catalyst samples should be degassed at 200 o C for 5 h prior to analysis to remove any adsorbed molecules from the pores and surfaces. Yan et al (2009b) showed that there was a strong interaction between Ca and La species in the binary catalyst prepared by the ammonia-ethanol-carbon dioxide precipitation method, which resulted in high basicity, high BET surface area and high catalytic activity in oil transesterification. The catalysts prepared by traditional methods have low BET surface areas (<10 m 2 /g) as compared to Ca3La1 (62.6 m 2 /g) .…”

Section: Determination Of Surface Area Of the Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them are included 10 solid base catalysts and 14 solid acid-base bifunctional catalysts. MgO-La 2 O 3 and CaO-La 2 O 3 complexes were also investigated as transesterification catalysts (Yan et al, 2009a(Yan et al, , 2009bBabu et al, 2008), they both showed high activity on biodiesel production, but CaO-La 2 O 3 deactivated rapidly when exposed to air. Yang and Xie (2007) compared the catalyst performance of alkali earth metals loaded on different catalyst supports for soybean oil conversion to biodiesel and discovered a correlation between loading amount of catalyst precursor on support and the conversion of oil.…”

Section: Catalyst Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Refaat

2010

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

248

154

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Biodiesel production is worthy of continued study and optimization of production procedures due to its environmentally beneficial attributes and its renewable nature. Heterogeneous transesterification is considered to be a green process. The process requires neither catalyst recovery nor aqueous treatment steps and very high yields of methyl esters can be obtained, close to the theoretical value. However, heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification generally requires more severe operating conditions, and the performance of heterogeneous catalysts is generally lower than that of the commonly used homogeneous catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysis for biodiesel production has been extensively investigated in the last few years. Many metal oxides have been studied for the transesterification process of oils; these include alkali earth metal oxides, transition metal oxides, mixed metal oxides and supported metal oxides. The use of solid metal oxides as catalysts in oil transesterification is well established, accordingly, researchers' attempts are now focused on how to attain the highest catalyst activity. Catalyst activity is a function of its specific surface area, base strength and base site concentration. High specific surface area, strong base strength and high concentration of base sites are characteristics of an active transesterification catalyst. This review provides a brief overview of the different metal oxides frequently used in the process of transesterification of oils for the production of biodiesel with special reference to the various methods of catalyst preparation and catalyst characterization. Reaction conditions and catalyst leaching analysis are also highlighted. Finally, concluding remarks regarding catalyst selection and catalyst preparation steps are provided.

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Section: Determination Of Surface Area Of the Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Catalyst Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Refaat

2010

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

248

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Base-and acid-catalyzed biodiesel production processes are particularly sensitive to water and require high-quality feedstock with a water content lower than 5 wt% (Atadashi et al, 2012). For those catalyzed by heterogeneous catalysts or lipases, biodiesel yields around 90% could be achieved for feedstocks with higher water contents (Tan et al, 2006;Yan et al, 2009). However, when water contents exceed 30%, biodiesel yields usually drop to below 60% (Atadashi et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid ethyl esters production in aqueous phase by the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides

Jin

Zhang

Shen

et al. 2013

Bioresource Technology

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“…These models proposed that solely methyl alcohol was adsorbed on the catalyst surface, which react with free triglyceride. But according to Yan et al [30], a mechanism was proposed in Scheme 1. Initially, methanol and triglycerides were adsorbed on the two-neighboring free active sites.…”

Section: Mechanism For Transesterifaction Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Sono-Chemical Biodiesel Production Using Smoke Deposited Nano MgO Catalyst

Sivakumar

Sankaranarayanan

Renganathan

2013

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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The comprehensive study of smoke deposited nano-sized MgO as a catalyst for biodiesel production was investigated. The transesterification reaction was studied under constant ultrasonic mixing for different parameters like catalyst quantity, methanol oil molar ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time. An excellent result of conversion was obtained at 1.5 wt% catalyst; 5:1 methanol oil molar ratio at 55 °C, a conversion of 98.7% was achieved after 45 min. The conversion was three to five times higher than those are reported for laboratory MgO in literature. This was mainly due to the enhancement of surface area of the catalyst and the activity of ultrasonic waves. Catalyst is easily recovered and reused up to eight times with easy regeneration steps.

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Oil transesterification over calcium oxides modified with lanthanum

Cited by 217 publications

References 31 publications

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Fatty acid ethyl esters production in aqueous phase by the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides

Studies on Sono-Chemical Biodiesel Production Using Smoke Deposited Nano MgO Catalyst

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